洱海西部灌排沟渠水质特征及土地利用的影响

彭嘉玉; 吴越; 侯泽英; 储昭升; 饶景翔

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210212

洱海西部灌排沟渠水质特征及土地利用的影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210212

彭嘉玉^1,,
吴越^{1, 2},
侯泽英¹,
储昭升^{1, 2, ,},
饶景翔¹

1.
湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.
北京师范大学水科学研究院

基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（2020YSKY-021）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07401-003）

详细信息

作者简介:
彭嘉玉（1985—），女，助理研究员，博士，主要从事流域水污染治理与控制研究，jiayuaini666@163.com

通讯作者:
储昭升（1973—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事流域水污染治理与湖泊生态修复研究，chuzs@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X524
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-07

Water quality characteristics of irrigation and drainage ditches in western Erhai Lake Basin and the effect of land uses

PENG Jiayu^1
,,
WU Yue^{1, 2},
HOU Zeying¹,
CHU Zhaosheng^{1, 2
, ,},
RAO Jingxiang¹

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University

摘要

摘要:
灌排沟渠径流是洱海氮、磷营养盐输入的主要来源。2020年秋季，研究选取洱海西部2个汇水区，分析了降雨条件下汇水区和沟渠子汇水区2个空间尺度下沟渠水质的变化特征，以及土地利用对沟渠水质的影响。结果表明：沟渠水质表现出显著的空间差异性，其中双隐汇水区东南部沟渠化学需氧量（COD）较高，为5.68~20.49 mg/L，北部沟渠总氮（TN）浓度较高，为1.04~1.44 mg/L，总磷（TP）浓度自东向西递减，氨氮（NH₃-N）浓度整体较低；万阳汇水区南部沟渠COD较高，为5.02~14.22 mg/L，TN浓度整体较低，环洱海和中部靠北沟渠TP和NH₃-N浓度整体偏高。冗余分析结果表明，村镇、农田是沟渠TP和NH₃-N的主要来源，秋季库塘未被利用的蓄水也可能对沟渠水质造成影响，林草地面积占比与沟渠水质呈负相关，但由于占比小和空间分布原因，对入海污染负荷的削减效用较小。洱海西部应加强灌溉用水循环利用，完善环湖截污工程，以减少灌排沟渠退水和农村生活污水对洱海水质的影响。
- 土地利用 /
- 灌排沟渠退水 /
- 农田面源 /
- 水质 /
- 空间分布特征 /
- 洱海
Abstract:
The runoffs from irrigation and drainage ditches are the major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus of Erhai Lake. In the Autumn of 2020, two catchments in the western Erhai Lake Basin were selected to analyze the change characteristics of ditch water quality in catchment scale and sub catchment scale under the rain condition, as well as the impact of land use on ditch water quality. The results indicated that the water quality of the ditches presented obvious spatial variation. In Shuangying catchment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the ditch runoff was relatively high in the southeast, which ranged from 5.68-20.49 mg/L, and that of total nitrogen (TN) of the ditches in the north was relatively high, which ranged from 1.04-1.44 mg/L. The total phosphorus (TP) concentration decreased from east to west, and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration was generally low in the catchment. In Wanyang catchment, the COD concentration of the ditch runoff was relatively high in the south, which ranged from 5.02-14.22 mg/L, and the TN concentration was generally low, and the TP and NH₃-N concentrations were generally high in the ditches around Erhai Lake and north of the central part. The redundancy analysis indicated that the farmland and village were the major source of TP and NH₃-N in the ditch runoff. The unutilized water storage in ponds and wetlands may cause the ditch water quality pollution in the Autumn. The grass and forest land area presented negative relationship with the ditch water quality, but due to the low proportion and spatial location, it had little effect on reducing the pollution load into the sea. To reduce the impact of irrigation and drainage ditch backwater and rural domestic sewage on Erhai Lake, measures should be taken to strengthen the recycling of irrigation water, and improve the sewage interception project around the lake.
- land use /
- irrigation and drainage ditch backwater /
- farmland non-point source /
- water quality /
- spatial distribution characteristics /
- Erhai Lake

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图 1 海西典型汇水区沟渠、监测点及沟渠汇水区划分示意

Figure 1. Diagram of irrigation and drainage diches, sampling sites and ditch catchment area division in typical catchment area in the west of Erhai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 子汇水区沟渠水质空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of ditch water quality in different sub-catchment areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 子汇水区土地利用特征

Figure 3. Land use characteristics of different sub-catchment areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 子汇水区土地利用类型聚类分析结果

Figure 4. Results of cluster analysis of land use types in sub-catchment areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 子汇水区土地利用类型面积占比与沟渠水质指标的RAD分析结果

Figure 5. RDA analysis results of land-use type area ratio and ditch water quality in sub-catchment areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2个汇水区沟渠水质统计分析结果

Table 1. Results of statistical analysis of ditch water quality in two catchment areas

汇水区	水质指标	样本数/个	最小值/ （mg/L）	最大值/ （mg/L）	平均值/ （mg/L）	标准差/ （mg/L）
双隐汇水区	COD	41	<3	29.30	5.02	5.13
	TP	41	0.04	1.45	0.19	0.18
	TN	41	0.40	3.19	1.14	0.40
	NH₃-N	41	<0.025	3.56	0.22	0.12
万阳汇水区	COD	52	<3	24.09	9.23	5.14
	TP	52	<0.01	1.27	0.17	0.22
	TN	52	<0.05	7.74	1.04	1.12
	NH₃-N	52	<0.025	2.40	0.54	0.49

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 子汇水区不同土地利用类型面积占比

Table 2. Area proportions of different land use types in sub-catchment areas %

土地利用类型	面积占比
土地利用类型	库塘水面	村镇居民	城市居民	农田	林草地	采矿用地
村镇—农田型	0.97	30.73	1.37	66.43	0.27	0.21
村镇—农田—库塘型	9.38	20.71	6.40	63.06	0.09	0.36
林地—草地型	0.02	1.42	0.38	13.09	83.82	1.27
城镇—农田型	0.40	10.69	50.50	33.48	1.17	3.76
农田型	0.41	6.80	5.81	86.50	0.46	0.01

下载: 导出CSV

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