Analysis of ozone pollution characteristics and meteorological parameters in Nanyang City from 2015 to 2019
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摘要:
基于2015—2019年南阳市5个国控空气质量监测站点常规污染六参数逐时观测资料，结合国家基准站南阳站地面气象要素数据，识别南阳市O3污染的时空分布特征及气象因素影响。结果表明：2015—2019年南阳市O3污染日趋严重，O3日最大8 h滑动浓度平均值（MDA8）从2015年的145 μg/m3增至2019年的181 μg/m3，增幅超过25%；O3污染呈显著季节性差异，峰值出现在夏季；从空间分布来看，O3污染呈现明显的块状分布特征，其高值出现在城区中部区域；气象要素是影响南阳市O3浓度的重要因子，高温、低湿和高能见度条件下易出现O3污染，且随着风速的增加，O3浓度表现出先升后降的趋势。2019年6月，南阳市O3污染严重，超标频率为63%，期间共经历3次O3污染过程，污染事件与不利的气象条件和强污染排放强度有关。
Abstract:Based on the hourly observation data of six conventional pollution parameters provided by five state-controlled environmental monitoring sites in Nanyang City from 2015 to 2019, and combined with the surface meteorological elements data of Nanyang Station, the national benchmark station, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone pollution and the influence of meteorological factors were investigated. The results showed that the ozone pollution in Nanyang City became serious from 2015 to 2019, and the average daily maximum 8 h sliding concentration (MDA8) of O3 increased from 145 μg/m3 in 2015 to 181 μg/m3 in 2019, with an increase of more than 25%. O3 pollution displayed a distinct seasonality, where the maximum values occurred in summer. As for spatial distribution, the O3 pollution presented obvious block distribution characteristics, and its high value appeared in the central area of the city. Meteorological conditions were important factors affecting the concentration of O3 in Nanyang City. Under high temperature, low humidity and high visibility conditions, it was easy to form serious ozone pollution. With the increase of wind speed, the O3 concentration increased first and then decreased. In June 2019, the O3 pollution in Nanyang City was serious, and the O3 exceedance rate was more than 63%. During this period, there were three ozone pollution processes. The pollution events were related to favorable meteorological conditions and strong pollution emission intensity.
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图 1 南阳市国控站点分布示意
Figure 1. Distribution of air quality monitoring stations in Nanyang City
图 2 南阳市2015—2019年空气质量六参数年度变化
Figure 2. Annual variation of six air quality parameters in Nanyang City during 2015-2019
图 3 2015—2019年O3超标天数及污染等级时间序列
Figure 3. Number of O3 non-attainment days and time series of O3 pollution level in 2015-2019
图 4 南阳市MDA8和超标天数月度分布特征
Figure 4. Monthly distribution characteristics of the number of O3 non-attainment days and O3 MDA8 concentration in Nanyang City
图 5 2019年南阳市气象站污染物和气象要素日变化
Figure 5. Diurnal variation of pollutants and meteorological parameters at Nanyang Meteorological Station in 2019
图 6 2019年南阳市各站点不同季节O3超标天数及浓度分布情况
Figure 6. Seasonal number of O3 non-attainment days and concentration distribution at different stations in Nanyang City in 2019
图 7 2019年南阳市MDA8空间分布
Figure 7. Spatial distribution of MDA8 concentration in Nanyang City in 2019
图 8 南阳市气象站O3和NO2浓度与气象要素相关性分析
Figure 8. Correlation analysis between O3, NO2 and meteorological parameters at Nanyang Meteorological Station
图 9 2019年南阳市气象站风玫瑰图
Figure 9. Seasonal wind rose chart of Nanyang Meteorological Station in 2019
图 10 2019年6月污染物浓度和气象时间序列
Figure 10. Time series of pollutant concentrations and meteorological parameters in June 2019
图 11 O3污染日与非污染日气象要素和污染物浓度日变化趋势
Figure 11. Diurnal variations of meteorological elements and pollutants during clean days and O3 pollution days
表 1 O3污染日和非污染日气象要素和污染物浓度统计
Table 1. Statistical results of meteorological elements and pollutant concentrations during clean days and O3 pollution days
项目 非污染日 污染日 温度/℃ 25.13±3.13 27.65±4.24 降水量/mm 71.8 3.1 气压/hPa 983.81±2.95 983.98±2.68 风速/(m/s) 2.61±1.49 2.66±1.53 相对湿度/% 70±17 53±19 能见度/km 15.40±9.17 16.78±8.39 O3浓度/(µg/m3) 105.12±32.75 130.03±49.67 NO2浓度/(µg/m3) 15.79±10.71 20.69±13.54 PM2.5浓度/(µg/m3) 22.36±10.94 30.96±9.96 PM10浓度/(µg/m3) 43.5±20.88 59.93±20.48 SO2浓度/(µg/m3) 5.11±1.6 6.08±1.84 CO浓度/(mg/m3) 0.69±0.13 0.68±0.15 
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