Study on the influencing factors of emptying time of bioretention facilities
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摘要: 生物滞留设施是我国海绵城市建设中应用较为广泛的技术措施之一,在其设计和运行维护过程中,排空时间对雨水径流总量的控制效果、植物生长状况等具有重要影响,但目前尚缺乏排空时间影响因素的系统研究。通过实验室试验,研究了调蓄水深、降雨间隔、淹没区高度及构造类型对排空时间的影响。结果表明:试验条件下,不同构造类型生物滞留设施调蓄层排空时间为10~140 min,完全排空时间为6~47 h。调蓄层排空时间随调蓄水深和淹没高度的增加而增加,随降雨间隔的增加而降低,调蓄水深对调蓄层排空时间影响最大;完全排空时间随调蓄水深和降雨间隔的增加而增加,随淹没高度的增加而降低,降雨间隔对完全排空时间影响最大。研究结果可为海绵城市建设过程中生物滞留设施优化设计提供技术支撑。Abstract: Bioretention facilities are one of the measures widely used in sponge city construction in China. During the design, operation and maintenance of bioretention facilities, the emptying time has an important influence on the total runoff volume control efficiency and plant growth. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the influencing factors of emptying time. The effects of storage-layer height, rainfall interval, submerged-area height and structure type on the emptying time were investigated via laboratory experiments. The results showed that under the test conditions, the discharge time of the storage layer of different structure types of bioretention facilities was 10-140 min, and the complete discharge time was 6-47 h. The emptying time of the storage layer increased with the increase of the storage-layer water depth and the submerged-area height, and decreased with the increase of the rainfall interval. The emptying time of the storage layer water was affected most significantly by the storage height. The total emptying time increased with the increase of water storage water depth and rainfall interval, and decreased with the increase of submerged-area height. The rainfall interval had the greatest effect on the total emptying time. The research results could provide technical support for the design and optimization of bioretention facilities in the process of sponge city construction.
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Key words:
- bioretention /
- emptying time /
- design parameters /
- rainfall interval /
- simulation experiment
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表 1 美国部分地区生物滞留设施排空时间
Table 1. Emptying time of bioretention facilities in different districts of the United States
h 表 2 试验方案
Table 2. Experimental scheme
试验名称 试验内容 其他试验条件 调蓄水深 5、10、15、20 cm 淹没高度0 cm、降雨间隔3 d 淹没高度 0、10、20、40 cm 调蓄水深10 cm、降雨间隔3 d 降雨间隔 3、7、15 d 调蓄水深10 cm、淹没高度0 cm 表 3 生物滞留种植层不同深度渗透速率
Table 3. Permeation rates at different depths of planting layer of the bioretention
cm/h 项目 传统型 无植物型 倒置型 混合型 覆盖层型 q1 2.89 1.82 500.00 10.83 2.56 q2 3.25 2.31 6.47 11.82 3.03 q3 5.20 3.47 5.82 13.00 5.50 q4 3.25 2.17 4.16 5.91 3.56 Kequ 3.06 2.04 12.77 11.30 2.78 K 10.93 4.62 5.80 11.56 8.06 注:q1~q4分别为0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40 cm深度的雨水渗透速率; Kequ为种植层0 ~ 20 cm等效渗透系数; K为装置整体渗透系数。 表 4 传统型不同调蓄水深时排空时间
Table 4. Emptying time of traditional bioretention at different retention water heights
调蓄水深/
cm进水总量/
L开始出流
时间/min出流总量/
L调蓄层排空
时间/min完全排空
时间/h5 8 55 4.83 35 25 10 16 35 10.32 60 27 15 24 27 16.10 88 29 20 32 26 25.76 100 37 表 5 传统型不同降雨间隔条件时排空时间
Table 5. Emptying time of traditional bioretention under different rainfall intervals
降雨间隔/
d进水总量/
L开始出流
时间/min出流总量/
L调蓄层排空
时间/min完全排空
时间/h3 16 35 10.32 60 27 7 16 35 6.85 40 27 15 16 31 5.65 20 47 表 6 传统型不同淹没高度时排空时间
Table 6. Emptying time of traditional bioretention at different inundation heights
淹没高度/
cm进水总量/
L开始出流
时间/min出流总量/
L调蓄层排空
时间/min完全排空
时间/h0 16 35 10.32 60 27 10 16 35 9.35 65 25 20 16 44 7.34 65 14 40 16 60 6.68 70 6 表 7 调蓄层排空时间影响因素相关性分析
Table 7. Correlation analysis of factors influencing the emptying time of storage layer
项目 调蓄水深 淹没高度 降雨间隔 显著性(P) 0.012 0.044 0.021 相关系数 0.988 0.956 −0.982 表 8 完全排空时间影响因素相关性分析
Table 8. Correlation analysis of influencing factors of complete emptying time
项目 调蓄水深 淹没高度 降雨间隔 显著性(P) 0.019 0.049 0.029 相关系数 0.981 −0.971 0.996 -
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