北京市典型雨水工程污染物去除效果监测分析

凌文翠; 李焕利; 方瑶瑶; 刘桂中; 孙长虹

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210151

北京市典型雨水工程污染物去除效果监测分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210151

北京市生态环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0503601）；北京市科技计划课题（Z161100004516015）；北京市生态环境保护科学研究院基金项目

详细信息

作者简介:
凌文翠（1984—），女，副研究员，博士，主要从事水污染防治与水环境管理研究，lingwencui@cee.cn

通讯作者:
孙长虹（1970—），女，研究员，主要从事水环境与水资源保护研究，sunchanghong@cee.cn

中图分类号: X820.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-07

Monitoring and analysis of pollutants removal efficiencies of typical rainwater projects in Beijing City

National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection

摘要

摘要:
为比较不同雨水工程的污染物去除效果，对生物滞留池、植草沟、透水混凝土铺装、透水砖铺装和植被砖铺装5种措施的雨水污染物去除效果进行监测。结果显示：生物滞留池对COD、SS、氨氮和总磷均有较好的去除效果，出水达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准，特别是COD和SS的平均去除率分别达82.1%和70.7%；植草沟对氨氮有较好的去除效果，平均去除率达91.3%，但其总磷出水浓度高于进水；透水砖铺装有氨氮释放现象，造成出水氨氮浓度升高；对比3种透水铺装发现，透水混凝土的污染物去除能力综合最优，其对COD、氨氮、总磷和SS的平均去除率分别为57.0%、72.7%、79.4%和82.2%。根据监测结果结合文献报道，认为生物滞留池和透水混凝土铺装具有较好的污染物削减效果，而植草沟对雨水中氨氮的去除具有显著优势。在实际工程应用中，应根据控制目标、成本和污染物去除效能，因地制宜地选择合适的雨水净化措施。
- 生物滞留池 /
- 植草沟 /
- 透水铺装 /
- 雨水污染物 /
- 去除效果
Abstract:
In order to compare the pollutant removal effects of different rainwater projects, the rainwater pollutant removal efficiencies of five measurements, including bioretention, grass swale, permeable concrete pavement, permeable brick pavement and vegetation brick pavement, were monitored. The results showed that the bioretention had high removal efficiencies on COD, SS, NH₃-N and TP, and the effluent water quality reached Class Ⅲ standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). Especially for COD and SS, the average removal rates reached 82.1% and 70.7%, respectively. Grass swale had a good removal effect on NH₃-N, with an average removal rate of 91.3%. However, TP concentration of effluent was higher than that of influent. The permeable brick pavement released NH₃-N, causing an increase of its concentration in the effluent. Comparing the three types of permeable pavements, the pollutant removal ability of the permeable concrete was the best comprehensively, and its average removal rates of COD, NH₃-N, TP and SS were 57.0%, 72.7%, 79.4%, and 82.2%, respectively. According to the monitoring results and literature reports comprehensively, it was found that bioretention and permeable concrete pavement had higher pollutant removal effects, and grass swale had outstanding performance in removing NH₃-N from rainwater. In the practical application of rainwater projects, appropriate measurement should be selected according to control objectives, costs and pollutant removal efficiency.
- bioretention /
- grass swales /
- permeable pavement /
- rainwater pollutant /
- removal efficiency

HTML全文

图 1 不同雨水工程对污染物的去除效果^{[7-9,11,19-20,23,25-26,28-32]}

Figure 1. Pollutants removal efficiency of different rainwater projects

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 生物滞留池对污染物的去除效果

Table 1. Pollutants removal efficiency of bioretention

项目	COD	氨氮	总磷	SS	铅	铜
进水浓度/（mg/L）	72~86	1.81~2.24	0.18~0.53	12~24	<0.07~0.13	<0.006~0.075
出水浓度/（mg/L）	12~16	0.67~0.71	0.12~0.17	<5	<0.07	<0.006~0.012
去除率/%	79~86	67~73	6~75	58~79	0~46.2	86.7~92.2

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表 2 植草沟对污染物的去除效果

Table 2. Pollutants removal efficiency of grass swale

项目	COD	氨氮	总磷	SS
进水浓度/（mg/L）	21~38	1.32~1.90	0.10~0.24	9~21
出水浓度/（mg/L）	12~20	0.08~0.17	0.18~0.56	<5~8
去除率/%	9~68	90~96	−460~13	20~76

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 透水铺装对污染物的去除效果

Table 3. Pollutants removal efficiency of permeable pavements

项目		COD	氨氮	总磷	SS
沥青路面/（mg/L）		33~36	1.09~2.09	0.04~0.20	21~35
透水混凝土	进水浓度/（mg/L）	22~25	1.49~2.61	0.08~0.22	24~38
	出水浓度/（mg/L）	9~11	0.43~0.50	0.02~0.03	<5
	去除率/%	54~59	69~83	63~93	79~87
透水砖	进水浓度/（mg/L）	12~16	0.45~1.81	0.09~0.21	20~26
	出水浓度/（mg/L）	8~10	1.33~1.68	0.06~0.08	10~13
	去除率/%	23~50	−239~22	22~57	35~62
植被砖	进水浓度/（mg/L）	13~15	2.03~2.46	0.14~0.20	36~58
	出水浓度/（mg/L）	8~10	1.05~1.94	0.08~0.10	17~23
	去除率/%	23~40	13~52	29~58	43~66

下载: 导出CSV

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