长潭水库生态问题诊断与对策研究

摘要: 选取长潭水库为研究对象,进行水环境因子和浮游植物群落特征分析,探讨水体氮、磷营养盐时空分布特征,阐明流域土地利用类型变化对水质影响以及驱动浮游植物群落季节性变化的主要环境因子,并根据主要环境问题提出针对性建议。结果表明:耕地和林地面源污染是水体总磷(TP)的主要来源,在水库蓄水区总氮(TN)、TP滞留率分别为41.71%和51.17%,由此形成库区氮磷比(N/P)为34.5的磷限制型水体,导致蓝藻生长更具优势;蓝藻各季节丰度占比为33.72%~82.47%,优势度大于0.02的浮游植物物种以蓝藻为主,其中产毒藻拉氏拟柱孢藻优势度最大(Y=0.078);冗余(RDA)分析结果显示,环境因子解释了群落结构演替的61.1%,其中水温和氮、磷营养盐浓度是驱动演替的主要环境因子;水体氨氮( $NH 4 +$ -N)浓度与拉氏拟柱孢藻丰度呈极显著相关(R²=0.999,P<0.02),将流域生活污水处理率提高至95%,且 $NH 4 +$ -N排放浓度不大于1.5 mg/L时,预期可减少51%拉氏拟柱孢藻丰度。提出建设面源污染隔离带、调节缩短库区水力停留时间以降低蓝藻生长优势、改善长潭水库水生态状况的主要措施对策。
- 水库 /
- 土地利用类型 /
- 浮游植物 /
- 营养盐削减 /
- 生态问题
Abstract: Taking Changtan Reservoir as the research object, the characteristics of water environmental factors and phytoplankton community were analyzed, and the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in water body were discussed. The effects of land use type variation on water quality and the main environmental factors driving the seasonal change of phytoplankton community were clarified. The corresponding suggestions were put forward aiming at the main environmental problems. The results indicated that the non-point source pollution of cultivated land and forest land was the main source of total phosphorus. The retention rates of TN and TP were 41.71% and 51.17%, respectively, in the reservoir impoundment area, resulting in the formation of N/P ratio of 34.5 in this reservoir. The phosphorus-restricted water body led to the advantage of cyanobacteria growth. The seasonal abundance of cyanobacteria ranged from 33.72% to 82.47%, and the dominant phytoplankton species were cyanobacteria. The toxigenicCylindrospermopsis raciborskii had the greatest dominance (Y=0.078). The redundancy analysis (RDA) results indicated that the environmental factors explained 61.1% of the succession of community structure. The water temperature, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients concentrations were the main driving factors for community succession. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen ( $NH 4 +$ -N) was significantly correlated with the abundance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (correlation coefficient 0.999, P<0.02). The abundance ofCylindrospermopsis raciborskii could be reduced by 51% when the domestic sewage treatment rate was increased to 95% and the $NH 4 +$ -N in effluent was lower than 1.5 mg/L. The main measures and countermeasures were put forward, including constructing non-point source pollution isolation zone, regulating and shortening hydraulic residence time in the reservoir area to reduce the growth advantage of cyanobacteria and improve the water ecological condition of Changtan Reservoir.
- reservoir /
- land use /
- phytoplankton /
- nutrient reduction /
- eco-environmental problem

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