农村生活污水一体化处理技术研究进展

摘要: 我国农村生活污水具有污水量大且分散的特点,难以实现集中处理,选择处理效率高、经济性好、实用性强、便于运行维护与管理的农村生活污水处理技术和设备非常重要。综述了农村生活污水一体化处理技术,阐明一体化活性污泥衍生工艺、生物膜处理工艺、膜生物反应器工艺及其组合工艺的适用范围和优缺点,分析了适宜分散式污水处理的技术模式,即小型一体化装置处理与集中收集处理相结合。以处理量为5 t/d的小型污水处理一体化设备为基础,综合农村生活污水排放特点,对比分析了各处理工艺的污染物去除性能和经济指标,提出一体化生物接触氧化工艺、改进型生物膜与活性污泥混合工艺及在厌氧-缺氧-好氧工艺段后端增加缺氧沉淀段工艺等是我国农村生活污水一体化处理技术的发展趋势。
- 水污染 /
- 农村生活污水 /
- 一体化工艺 /
- 技术进展
Abstract: Rural domestic sewage in China has the characteristics of large amount and dispersion, so it is difficult to achieve centralized treatment. Therefore, it is very important to select rural domestic sewage treatment technologies and equipment with high treatment efficiency, good economy, strong practicability, and easy operation, maintenance and management. The processes of integrated rural domestic sewage treatment technologies were reviewed, and the applicable range, advantages and disadvantages of integrated activated sludge derived process, biofilm treatment process, membrane bioreactor (MBR) process and their combination and integration process were illustrated. The appropriate decentralized sewage treatment technology mode was analyzed, namely small integration device processing combined with centralized collection treatment. Based on the small integrated sewage treatment equipment with a treatment capacity of 5 t/d, and combined with the discharge characteristics of rural domestic sewage, the pollutant removal performance and technical and economic indexes of each treatment process were compared and analyzed. It was proposed that the integrated biological contact oxidation technology, the improved biofilm and activated sludge mixed technology and the addition of anoxic precipitation section at the end of the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (AAO) process were the development trends of the integrated treatment technologies of rural domestic sewage in China.
- water pollution /
- rural domestic sewage /
- integrated process /
- technical progress

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