中国保护水生生物的甲基汞水质标准制订初探

苏海磊; 郭飞; 魏源; 时迪; 孙福红

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190172

中国保护水生生物的甲基汞水质标准制订初探

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190172

环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院

详细信息

作者简介:
苏海磊(1985—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事水环境基准、标准与风险评估研究,suhaileimymail@163.com

通讯作者:
孙福红 E-mail: sunfhiae@126.com

中图分类号: X65
计量
- 文章访问数: 513
- HTML全文浏览量: 157
- PDF下载量: 123
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-16
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-20

Study on methylmercury water quality standards for aquatic life protection in China

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Fuhong E-mail: sunfhiae@126.com

摘要

摘要: 甲基汞是具较强生物有效性和毒性的有机汞形态,其具有高生物累积性和生物放大效应,能对水生态系统中高营养级生物产生极高的危害,对脊椎动物造成神经毒性、内分泌干扰和生殖毒性等。我国不同环境介质(水、沉积物和生物体组织)中均检测到了甲基汞的存在。传统的水质基准仅依据水环境中水生生物急慢性毒性数据推导得到,未考虑污染物的生物有效性和生物累积性,采用该水质基准可能会对水生态系统造成欠保护。组织浓度是累积性物质生物有效性的直接体现,使用基于组织浓度的毒性数据推导水质基准进而确定水质标准,科学性更强,能更加合理、可靠地保护水生态系统。综述了甲基汞暴露最新毒性研究,在此基础上,采用物种敏感度分布法计算了甲基汞基于组织浓度的基准值为23.15 μg/kg,确定了其保护水生生物的水质基准值为0.12 ng/L,由此推导了其适合我国水环境的水生生物水质标准值为0.35 ng/L。研究结果可为甲基汞水质基准向水质标准的转化及生物累积性物质的水环境质量管理提供思路和支持。
- 甲基汞 /
- 水质标准 /
- 生物累积 /
- 组织浓度 /
- 风险管理
Abstract: Methylmercury is a kind of organic mercury with strong bioavailability and toxicity. Because of high bioaccumulation and bioavailability, methylmercury can pose serious harmful effects to aquatic life at higher trophic levels and cause neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity to vertebrates. The presence of methylmercury has been detected in various environmental media (water, sediments and organisms) in China. The traditional water quality criteria for methylmercury was only derived from the acute and chronic toxicity data of aquatic organisms in water that did not take bioaccumulation and bioavailability into account, which may cause lower-protection problem to aquatic ecosystem. As the tissue concentrations could directly reflect the bioavailability of cumulative substances, water quality criteria deriving from toxic data based on tissue was more scie.pngic, and could provide protection for aquatic ecosystem more reasonably and reliably. Based on a review of the latest toxic data for methylmercury exposure, the criteria value of methylmercury based on tissue concentration was calculated at 23.15 μg/kg, the water quality criteria for protection of aquatic life was determined at 0.12 ng/L, and the water quality standard value of methylmercury of aquatic organisms suitable for Chinese aquatic environment was derived at 0.35 ng/L. The results can provide a new method and support for the transformation of methylmercury water quality criteria to the water quality standards and for the water environmental management of bioaccumulative chemicals.
- methylmercury /
- water quality standard /
- bioaccumulation /
- tissue concentration /
- risk management

HTML全文

参考文献(28)

[1]	王金南, 曹国志, 曹东 , 等. 国家环境风险防控与管理体系框架构建[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(1):186-191. WANG J N, CAO G Z, CAO D , et al. A framework analysis on national environmental risk management system for China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(1):186-191.
[2]	姜贵梅, 楚春礼, 徐盛国 , 等. 国际环境风险管理经验及启示[J]. 环境保护, 2014,42(8):61-63. JIANG G M, CHU C L, XU S G , et al. International experience of environmental risk management and its implications for China[J]. Environmental Protection, 2014,42(8):61-63.
[3]	杨帆, 林忠胜, 张哲 , 等. 浅析我国地表水与海水环境质量标准存在的问题[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2018,35(7):36-41. YANG F, LIN Z S, ZHANG Z , et al. Problems in environmental quality standards of surface water and marine water in China[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2018,35(7):36-41.
[4]	闫振广, 余若祯, 焦聪颖 , 等. 水质基准方法学中若干关键技术探讨[J]. 环境科学研究, 2012,25(4):397-403. YAN Z G, YU R Z, JIAO C Y , et al. Research on several critical methodological techniques for development of water quality criteria[J]. Reserach of Environmental Sciences, 2012,25(4):397-403.
[5]	YIN D Q, HU S Q, JIN H J , et al. Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China[J]. Chemosphere, 2003,52(1):67-73. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00273-X pmid: 12729688
[6]	JIN X W, ZHA J M, XU Y P , et al. Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for 2,4-dichlorophenol:comparing native species data with non-native species data[J]. Chemosphere, 2011,84(10):1506-1511. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.033 pmid: 21543105
[7]	ZHANG R Q, GUO J Y, WU F C , et al. Toxicity reference values for polybrominated diphenyl ethers:risk assessment for predatory birds and mammals from two Chinese lakes[J]. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014,229:111-137. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-03777-6_6 pmid: 24515812
[8]	冯承莲, 吴丰昌, 赵晓丽 , 等. 水质基准研究与进展[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(5):646-656.
[9]	吴丰昌, 冯承莲, 张瑞卿 , 等. 我国典型污染物水质基准研究[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(5):665-672.
[10]	SAPPINGTON K G, BRIDGES T S, BRADBURY S P , et al. Application of the tissue residue approach in ecological risk assessment[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2011,7(1):116-140. doi: 10.1002/ieam.116 pmid: 21184572
[11]	刘永懋, 翟平阳 . 甲基汞在水生生物体内富集倍数的研究[J]. 水资源保护, 1996(3):1-9.
[12]	李秋华, 高廷进, 孟博 , 等. 贵州高原水库冬季浮游植物中汞及甲基汞分布特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 2014,26(1):92-100. doi: 3.0.co;2-4" target="_blank"> 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199903)26:1<92::aid-glia10>3.0.co;2-4 pmid: 10088676 LI Q H, GAO T J, MENG B , et al. Distribution characteristics of mercury and methylmercury in phytoplankton at Guizhou Plateau reservoirs in winter[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2014,26(1):92-100. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199903)26:1<92::aid-glia10>3.0.co;2-4 pmid: 10088676
[13]	徐勤勤 . 三峡水库鱼体中汞和甲基汞的分布特征[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2014.
[14]	徐勤勤, 马明, 孙荣国 , 等. 汉丰湖水体总汞和甲基汞的时空分布特征[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,36(5):127-135. XU Q Q, MA M, SUN R G , et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of mercury and methylmercury in water column in Hanfeng Lake[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2014,36(5):127-135.
[15]	WANG S F, LI B, ZHANG M M , et al. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of mercury in a food web from a large,shallow,hypereutrophic lake (Lake Taihu) in China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012,19(7):2820-2831. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0787-2 pmid: 22351254
[16]	FENG X B, QIU G L . Mercury pollution in Guizhou,southwestern China:an overview[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2008,400(1):227-237. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.040 pmid: 18617222
[17]	MCELROY A E, BARRON M G, BECKVAR N , et al. A review of the tissue residue approach for organic and organometallic compounds in aquatic organisms[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2011,7(1):50-74. doi: 10.1002/ieam.132 pmid: 21184569
[18]	MEADOR J P, ADAMS W J, ESCHER B I , et al. The tissue residue approach for toxicity assessment:findings and critical reviews from a society of environmental toxicology and chemistry pellston workshop[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2011,7(1):2-6. doi: 10.1002/ieam.133 pmid: 21184566
[19]	Aquatic life ambient water quality criterion for selenium:freshwater[R]. Washington DC:Office of Water,US EPA, 1987.
[20]	Aquatic life water quality standards technical support document for cadmium[R]. Minnesota:Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 2012.
[21]	王菊英, 穆景利, 王莹 . 《海水水质标准(GB 3097—1997)》定值的合理性浅析:以铅和甲基对硫磷为例[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2015,10(1):151-159. WANG J Y, MU J L, WANG Y . Rationality analysis of the existing Marine Water Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997):a case study on lead and methyl-parathion[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2015,10(1):151-159.
[22]	Canadian tissue residue guidelines for the protection of wildlife consumers of aquatic biota:methylmercury[R]. Winnipeg Canadian:Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2000.
[23]	Great lakes water quality initiative criteria documents for the protection of wildlife[R]. Washington DC:Office of Water,US EPA, 1995.
[24]	ZHANG R Q, WU F C, LI H X , et al. Toxicity reference values and tissue residue criteria for protecting avian wildlife exposed to methylmercury in China[J]. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013,223:53-80. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5577-6_3 pmid: 23149812
[25]	苏海磊, 吴丰昌, 郭飞 , 等. 硒的水质基准推导方法及水质安全评价方法:201610102047.8[P]. 2016-07-06.
[26]	孙晓静, 王起超, 张少庆 , 等. 第二松花江水中甲基汞的时空变化规律[J]. 环境科学, 2008,29(11):3017-3021. pmid: 19186795 SUN X J, WANG Q C, ZHANG S Q , et al. Temporal and spatial variation rule of methylmercury in water in the Second Songhua River[J]. Environmental Science, 2008,29(11):3017-3021. pmid: 19186795
[27]	郑伟, 康世昌, 冯新斌 , 等. 西藏雅鲁藏布江表层水中汞的形态与空间分布特征[J]. 科学通报, 2010,55(20):2026-2032. ZHENG W, KANG S C, FENG X B , et al. Mercury speciation and spatial distribution in surface waters of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010,55(20):2026-2032.
[28]	陈春霄, 郑丙辉, 王金枝 , 等. 太湖不同营养水平湖区汞的形态和分布特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2015,28(6):883-889. CHEN C X, ZHENG B H, WANG J Z , et al. Distribution and speciation of mercury in different eutrophic regions of Taihu Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2015,28(6):883-889.