Ideas and practice of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland system in Lake Fuxian Basin

Lake Fuxian Basin is an important ecological barrier in southwest China and the Pearl River Basin, and an important part of China's “two screens and three belts” ecological security strategic pattern. Its ecological security is of strategic significance to guarantee the ecological security of the Pearl River Basin and the ecological functional services of the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and even the national soil and water resources security. Based on the concept of “mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are a community of life”, and aiming at the eco-environmental problems in Lake Fuxian Basin, such as the need of spatial pattern optimization for the lake basin, the serious land degradation, the overloaded pollutants discharge, and the continuously increasing ecological risk, a set of lake basin ecological protection and restoration schemes were proposed. Putting Class Ⅰof Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) for high quality water resources as the goal, and basin space pattern optimization and management and control as the premise, the overall comprehensive protection ideas of “repairing mountains and expanding forests, regulating farmlands and saving water, habitat restoration, pollution control and river management, and lake protection management” were proposed. Five kinds of lake basin ecological protection and restoration schemes covering 47 projects were designed, which included water conservation and mine restoration, farmland regulation and water saving, ecological protection and restoration, pollution source control and clean water restoration, and lake conservation and comprehensive management regulation. After more than one year's implementation, the programme had achieved initial success in expanding the area of forest vegetation, improving the quality and efficiency of farmland, reducing the in-lake pollutant loads, enhancing the ecological stability of the basin and improving eco-environment of lakeside region. The next step is to comprehensively strengthen the spatial control of the river basin and comprehensively promote the pilot projects of ecological protection and restoration, so as to restore the healthy ecological function of the lake basin in an all-round way, guarantee the cleanliness of the water body and the ecological security of the basin, and promote the healthy development of the lake basin.