2020 Vol. 10, No. 6

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2020 Vol.10, No.6
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2020, 10(6): .
Abstract(222) PDF(8423KB)(54)
Abstract:
Key issues of water quality improvement in the landscape lake of plain river network and corresponding countermeasures: a case study of Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing City
WANG Shuhang, ZHENG Shuofang, SHANG Xiao, JIANG Xia
2020, 10(6): 891-896. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200065
Abstract(577) PDF(4461KB)(219)
Abstract:
Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing City is the birthplace of the Communist Party of China and the place where revolutionary red ships set sail, and the “beautiful water” of Nanhu Lake is very important. In 2018, the water transparency of Nanhu Lake was less than 30 cm, with poor senses and high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, which cannot meet the water environment functional areas goals and objectives, i.e. Grade Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002). The characteristics and environmental status of Nanhu Lake water system were analyzed and the overall improvement of water quality of Nanhu Lake was taken as the goal, focusing on the reduction of suspended solids content and improvement of water transparency, and insist on the principle of the combination of pollution control and ecological restoration, the protection and restoration measures were proposed. These measures included five aspects, including source control, construction of clear water into the lake corridor, enhanced purification of the estuary, improvement of biological environment and long-term management, in order to restore the water ecosystem of Nanhu Lake to a virtuous cycle, and finally achieve the beautiful water environment of Nanhu Lake.
Study on spatial and temporal distribution, influencing factors and control measures of water transparency of Nanhu Lake water system
CHEN Junyi, WANG Shuhang, ZHENG Shuofang, JIANG Xia, BAO Wenqi
2020, 10(6): 897-904. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200069
Abstract(344) PDF(4312KB)(121)
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The seasonal variation and spatial distribution of water transparency (SD) in Nanhu Lake were analyzed according to the data of field survey from 2018 to 2019, and the influencing factors and the target value required by submerged plants of SD were explored. The results indicated that SD of Nanhu Lake was between 10.0 cm to 46.0 cm, with an average value of 24.8 cm, which was significantly lower than some lakes in China. The low SD existed near the estuary into Nanhu Lake and channel, and Nanhu Lake had lower SD in May, September and October. SD of the surrounding river network ranged from 8.0 to 71.0 cm, with an average value of 27.6 cm, and the low values mainly existed in the western part of the outer river network and the northern estuary. Correlation analysis showed that SD was significantly correlated with inorganic suspended solids (ISS) and absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter at 254 nm, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.68 and 0.34, respectively, and ISS had the higher influence on SD. Combining with the underwater terrain and the light compensation depth, SD restoration value in the initial stage of Nanhu Lake was determined by 80 to 100 cm. Reducing the concentrations of SS and DOM should be conducted to improve SD of Nanhu Lake.
Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and environmental effects of suspended solids in Nanhu Lake
ZHAO Li, YU Jingwen, XING Jianyu, WANG Shuhang, CAI Qing, ZHENG Shuofang, JIANG Xia
2020, 10(6): 905-911. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200067
Abstract(425) PDF(4330KB)(131)
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In order to explore the cause of the turbidity of Nanhu Lake, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, composition and variation rules of suspended solids in Nanhu Lake were analyzed according to the detailed field investigation in 2018-2019, and the influencing factors of suspended solids and their effects on water environment were discussed. The results showed that the total suspended solids (TSS) content in the water of Nanhu Lake was obviously higher than those of some other lakes in China, ranging from 29.20 to 75.20 mg/L, with the mean value of 38.95 mg/L, and inorganic suspension was mainly in the water, the proportion of which ranged from 55.42% to 79.25%, with the mean value of 66.80%. At the same time, the median particle size of suspended solids was mainly small particles of 0-10 μm, and the proportion was 45.24%-83.73%, with the mean value 58.94%, which was significantly higher than those of the surrounding waters. Correlation analysis showed that the concentration of TSS in the water was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations, indicating that suspended matter, as a carrier of nutrient salts, had a greater impact on the water quality of Nanhu Lake.
Origin and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of dissolved organic matter in Nanhu Lake water system
ZHANG Bo, GAO Jianwen, FAN Shaojin, WANG Shuhang, Zheng Shuofang, JIANG Xia
2020, 10(6): 912-919. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200066
Abstract(427) PDF(7604KB)(68)
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Strengthening the water environmental governance in Nanhu Lake and its surrounding waters is significant for improving the water quality in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing water net. Using ultraviolet-visible absorption and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, the distribution of DOM, fluorescence characteristics, and the correlation between components and major water quality parameters were analyzed in different water stages of Nanhu Lake water system in 2018-2019, which offered further insight into the components, resources, and bioavailability of DOM in Nanhu Lake water system. Experimental results showed that DOM concentration of Nanhu Lake water system in dry season (5.63 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in wet season (4.81 mg/L). 3 protein-like peaks and 1 humus-like peak were resolved from three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of DOM in Nanhu Lake water system, and it was found that the contribution rate of protein-like peaks to the total fluorescence intensity was 90.80%, and the contribution rate in dry season was higher than that in wet season. The distribution of DOM and its components showed spatial differences, with a trend of high in the north and west and low in the southeast, while the fluorescence index showed temporal trend of being higher in dry season (1.75) than in wet season (1.70). Both humus index and biogenic index showed that the bioavailability of organic matter in Nanhu Lake water system was high, and it was higher in dry season than in wet season. There was a significant positive correlation between DOM, ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen. DOM in the water body of Nanhu Lake mainly came from urban domestic source discharge and internal source release, and there existed sewage direct discharge or pipe network leakage in the northwest region. Controlling the exogenous DOM input can effectively control the nitrogen level in the water system.
Spatio-temporal distribution, influencing factors and control strategies of nitrogen of Nanhu Lake and its surrounding rivers
WANG Shuhang, ZHENG Shuofang, CAI Qing, JIANG Xia, CHE Feifei, ZHAO Li
2020, 10(6): 920-927. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200070
Abstract(487) PDF(6958KB)(63)
Abstract:
The total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the water of Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing City maintain a high level for a long time, affecting the overall water quality and eutrophication status of the lake. The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of various nitrogen species in Nanhu Lake and the surrounding rivers were analyzed, and the influencing factors were discussed based on historical investigation data and field observation. The results showed that TN concentrations in Nanhu Lake were between 3.81 and 4.99 mg/L, with the high concentrations observed near the river entering the lake, and TN concentrations were higher than Ⅴ level of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002). The seasonal change of TN concentrations decreased in an order of winter > spring > summer > autumn. TN concentrations in the surrounding river waters were between 1.39 and 8.82 mg/L, with the high concentrations appearing in the western and northern parts, especially including Suzhou Pond, Hangzhou Pond, Changxian Pond and Xincheng Pond. TN concentrations in Nanhu Lake water were significantly higher than those in some lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The composition characteristics of nitrogen in Nanhu Lake and the surrounding waters showed that the dissolved nitrogen was the predominant species in the water. According to the results, the nitrogen contamination in Nanhu Lake should be controlled through the pollutant interception and abatement, remediation of the rivers into the lake, and ecological restoration in the lake area, in order to achieve the whole-processes control of source control - process to intercept - lake restoration and expansion for nitrogen pollution in Nanhu Lake, and to reduce nitrogen concentration in Nanhu Lake water.
Spatio-temporal distribution, influencing factors and control strategies of phosphorus in water-sediment of Nanhu Lake water system
CHE Feifei, CHEN Junyi, WANG Shuhang, ZHENG Shuofang, JIANG Xia
2020, 10(6): 928-935. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200068
Abstract(419) PDF(7558KB)(84)
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Nanhu Lake water system located in the downtown of Jiaxing City is an important part of the Hangzhou-Jiaxing water network. Based on the historical monitoring data and field investigation, the spatio-temporal distribution and morphological composition of phosphorus in water and sediment of Nanhu Lake and the surrounding river network were analyzed, and the influencing factors were discussed. The results showed that total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in Nanhu Lake were between 0.121 and 0.388 mg/L, with the high concentrations mostly near the river at the mouth of the lake, and TP concentrations in summer were significantly higher than those in other seasons. TP concentrations in the surrounding waters were between 0.026 and 0.588 mg/L, with the high concentrations in the western and northern parts. Particulate phosphorus (PP) was the major species of phosphorus in water system of Nanhu Lake. TP content in the surface sediments of Nanhu Lake and its surrounding river network ranged from 479.91 to 3 456.55 mg/kg, which was higher than that of several lakes in eastern China, and it showed a decreasing trend of TP content from the lake to the surrounding river network. Inorganic P (IP) was dominant in the sediments, of which the proportion of sum of the bioavailable IP fractions in IP contents (59.23%) was higher than the proportion of relatively stable IP fraction (40.77%). There was a significant positive correlation between phosphorus and suspended solids in water, which was affected by internal release and external inputs. According to the results, the phosphorus contamination in Nanhu Lake and the surrounding water should be controlled by decreasing the suspended matter contents in the water and implementing sediment dredging, combining with the restoration of aquatic plants.
Occurrence characteristics, sources and bioavailability of organic matter in surface sediments of Nanhu Lake water system
GUO Yunyan, ZHOU Guangxin, WANG Yawen, WANG Shuhang, ZHENG Shuofang, JIANG Xia, GAO Jianwen
2020, 10(6): 936-943. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200071
Abstract(413) PDF(9488KB)(96)
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In order to ascertain the occurrence characteristics and sources of organic matter in the sediments of Nanhu Lake water system in Jiaxing, the continuous extraction and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy were used to systematically analyze the content, composition, source and stability of the organic matter in surface sediments of the lake. The results showed that the total organic matter content in surface sediments ranged from 5.96 to 40.04 g/kg, with an average value of 15.69 g/kg. Average content of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), fulvic acid (FA), Humin (HM) and humic acid (HA) were 0.62, 5.22, 5.00, 4.85 g/kg, respectively. Four fluorescent components were identified in the surface sediment WSOM, including two humus-like components (C2 and C3) and two protein-like components (C1 and C4). Among the four components, C1 was dominated by tryptophan-like fluorescence peaks, C2 by fulvic acid fluorescence peaks , C3 by humic acid fluorescence, and C4 by tyrosine fluorescence. The average value of C/N ratio in surface sediments of Nanhu Lake water system was 7.71, and the fluorescence index (FI) and humification index (HIX) were 1.54-1.78 and 1.62-7.76, respectively, indicating that the source of organic matter in the surface sediments of Nanhu Lake water system was endogenous, which accounted for a large proportion, and mainly from the processes of metabolism of its own microorganisms, and the degree of humification was weak. The correlation analysis showed that the fluorescent components of WSOM in surface sediments were significantly positively correlated with both ammonia nitrogen (AN) and water-soluble organic nitrogen (SON) (P<0.01), which showed high bioavailability.
Analysis of the quality status of vehicle diesel fuels from 2015 to 2018 in Shanxi Province
WANG Yunjing, HAO Chunxiao, GONG Xingxiao, QU Xiaosuo, TIAN Miao
2020, 10(6): 944-950. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200039
Abstract(387) PDF(6731KB)(94)
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The actual quality of vehicle diesel fuels from 2015 to 2018 were investigated, taking the samples of vehicle diesel fuels in Shanxi Province as the object, based on the standards of Automobile Diesel Fuels (GB 19147-2013/2016). The results showed that on the whole, the sample qualification rate in 2015 was the lowest, with a rate of 58.3%, and then increased with an average annual growth rate of 11.7% to 70.8% in 2016 and 82.1% in 2017, while decreased to 81.3% in 2018. The qualification rates of China Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ samples were 65.3%, 78.9% and 97.4%, respectively. The main unqualified items were sulfur content and flash point. The average sulfur content of the samples containing sulfur beyond the limits was (671.7±1 061.4)mg/kg, and the average flash point of the samples with lower flash point than the limits was (47.0±9.4)℃. In space, it showed that the qualification rate of “2+26” cities in the middle east were high, while the cities in the west and south were low. In terms of time, there were three types of changes of qualification rate in different cities, i.e. “stable improvement”, “backward and catch-up growth” and “deterioration” types. Finally, it was proposed that a partitioned and graded scheme should be established for the precise quality supervision of automobile diesel fuels in Shanxi Province, and the quality supervision of vehicle diesel fuels should be strengthened.
Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework and data middle platform technology and its application in sharing of atmospheric environment data resources
SUN Caiping, WANG Wei
2020, 10(6): 951-956. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200115
Abstract(399) PDF(999KB)(112)
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On the basis of reviewing the current status of scientific data management and sharing, the specification of environmental information sharing construction was analyzed, and the limitations of fine operational sharing were revealed. The content, composition and characteristics of US Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Framework and the data middle platform technology were analyzed, and the feasibility of their application in exploration of atmospheric environmental data resources sharing methods was evaluated. FEA Framework, as the methodology for the construction of e-government information sharing in the United States, has the characteristics of serving business strategic development goals and implementing the shared assessments throughout the process. It can provide the methodology for industry shared data discovery, shared boundary characterization and shared performance evaluation. In recent years, data middle platform is a domestic enterprise-level data resource sharing application technology, which has the function of facing the overall development of the business. Through the establishment of a unified data governance system, it can meet the functions of data resource sharing, reuse, business demand response, etc. FEA Framework and data middle platform technology were used in the design of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Fen-Wei Plains atmospheric environmental data resource sharing, focusing on the key issues in the construction of data resource sharing such as data sharing inventory, data standardization and real-time business response, and the technical route was summarized. The practices showed that the realization path of atmospheric environment data resource sharing based on FEA Framework and data middle platform technology, namely “data asset discovery, data standardization, shared business agile processing”, could better achieve the goal of one-stop atmospheric environment data resource sharing, and meet performance assessment requirements.
Environmental benefit analysis and policy implications of motor vehicles low-emission zones
CAO Xizi, LIU Jie, XU Kangli, CUI Yangyang, XUE Yifeng
2020, 10(6): 957-963. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200018
Abstract(358) PDF(1162KB)(160)
Abstract:
By contrastive analyzing the implementation cases of low-emission zones at home and abroad, the effect of the improvement of air quality was evaluated, the existing problems were summarized, and the suggestions for further implementing the policy of motor vehicle low-emission zones were proposed. The research results showed that the implementation of the policy of low-emission zones for motor vehicles in European cities had effectively reduced the local air pollutants emissions from motor vehicles in the region, with PM10 and NOx emissions reductions by 1.9%-40.0% and 2.4%-31.0%, respectively. It also benefitted for the mitigation of traffic congestion and the improvement of regional air quality. Domestic cities had promoted the adjustment and optimization of the structure of motor vehicles through delimiting high emission motor vehicle restricted zones, which played a positive role in motor vehicle air pollutants reduction. Motor vehicle low-emission zone policy involved important issues such as residential livelihood and the right of roads, which required corresponding legal support and balancing the relationship between social-economic development and environmental protection. As for implication for future policies, it was recommended to carry out environmental quality sensitivity analysis, strictly select and set up restricted areas, distinguish motor vehicle attributes (commercial or civilian) and types (fuel types or emission standard grades, etc.), and concentrate on limiting the commercial vehicles of high emission intensity and high use intensity, reducing the restrictions on civilian motor vehicles, and improving the pertinence and effectiveness of the policy.
Impact of climate change on the variation of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes at watershed scale: a case study in watersheds of Yan’an City
HE Zhuoshi, HUO Shouliang, MA Chunzi, ZHANG Hanxiao, HUANG Weihui
2020, 10(6): 964-970. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200025
Abstract(436) PDF(1823KB)(102)
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The external pollutant loading model and the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes model, combining land use pattern and meteorological data, were used to established an empirical model of nitrogen and phosphorus loading in four river watersheds of Yan’an City, for analyzing the response relation of the fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus on net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus input, precipitation, land use pattern and other factors. According to the results, the net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus input, precipitation and land use pattern were the main causes for the change of the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes. Precipitation could respectively explain 25.67% and 18.29% of the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes variation, and the increasing precipitation will significantly increase the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes. A meteorological dataset from regional climate models was used to simulate the short-term and long-term variation of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes under different development scenarios, and the results showed that driven by the change of climate, even if the net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus loading and the land use pattern remained unchanged, the future nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes would still increase in the long-term prediction. The increasing of forest land could mitigate a certain extent of the influence of precipitation on nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes. These results indicated that climate change as well as anthropogenic activities could affect the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes, and the impact of climate change on the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction programs should be considered while formulating the nitrogen and phosphorus reduction programs.
Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in gully pond water and its surrounding shallow groundwater
LÜ Zhanlu, ZHANG Han, ZHANG Jinliang, CHEN Xinyue, ZOU Tiansen
2020, 10(6): 971-978. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200100
Abstract(512) PDF(4297KB)(108)
Abstract:
Taking 4 gully ponds water and its surrounding shallow groundwater in a village in Henan Province as the research object, the samples were collected during the wet season, the concentrations of 13 heavy metal elements Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb in the water were determined, and the impact of gully pond water and its surrounding shallow groundwater quality and potential health risks were evaluated. The results showed that the heavy metals in the gully pond water were heavily polluted, among which the concentrations of Mn and Fe exceeded Class Ⅳ limits of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002), and the average exceeding multiples were 5.5 times and 9.0 times, respectively. The heavy metals in the surrounding shallow groundwater were generally slightly polluted. Among them, the concentration of Al, Mn, Fe and Ni exceeded the Class Ⅲ limits of Standard for Groundwater Quality (GB/T 14848-2017). The concentration of heavy metals in the shallow groundwater decreased with the increase of the distance from the pond. The concentrations of 6 heavy metal elements of Al, Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn and Fe had a negative logarithmic relationship with the distance from the pond. The sum of non-carcinogenic risk of children and adults ingesting 13 heavy metal elements in shallow groundwater through drinking water was 0.296 and 0.309, respectively, which were both less than 1 or in the acceptable level. And the carcinogenic risk of lifetime exposure of children and adults to 5 heavy metal elements(Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Pb)was 1.44×10-5 and 7.52×10-5, respectively, which exceeded 1.0×10-6 (a higher health risk of cancer). The gully pond water in the study area had a certain impact on its surrounding shallow groundwater, and the carcinogenic health risks of children and adults exposed to heavy metals in shallow groundwater through drinking water deserved special attention.
Wetland landscape evolution and ecological impact in Tianjin City from 2000 to 2015
WANG Dewang, HE Ping, XU Jie, REN Ying, HOU Liping
2020, 10(6): 979-987. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200126
Abstract(340) PDF(14029KB)(40)
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Based on the land use data of 4 terms of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 interpreted by remote sensing in Tianjin City, the matrix method and graphic method were used to analyze the wetland type and area change, the cluster analysis method was used to analyze the wetland patch reduction status from the micro scale, furthermore, the buffer analysis method was used to study the impact of ecological land on the service of human settlements and bird habitat. The results showed that in terms of landscape evolution, the wetland area in Tianjin City decreased by 260.92 km2 from 2000 to 2015, accounting for 11.73% of the total wetland area, of which the deceleration was the fastest from 2005 to 2010. Wetland landscape in Tianjin City tended to be scattered and fragmented, and the number and area of wetland patches of different sizes and grades decreased, among which the phenomenon of complete loss of small and medium-sized wetlands less than or equal to 0.50 km2was the most prominent. In terms of ecological impact, the radiation rate of ecological land increased from 47.26% to 51.96% in 2000-2015, and the proportion of covered construction land increased from 64.29% to 70.31%, indicating that the ecological land effect of buffer zone was enhanced. In addition, the potential suitable habitat for birds decreased from 1 968.74 km2 to 1 400.71 km2 in 2000-2015, accounting for 17.12% of the ecological land decreased.
Review on the research and application development of MBBR carrier
WU Tong, LING Yu, WANG Haiyan, CHANG Yang, DONG Weiyang, YAN Guokai
2020, 10(6): 988-995. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190144
Abstract(659) PDF(2660KB)(175)
Abstract:
The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a novel wastewater treatment process that has been widely used for all kinds of wastewater treatment, and the carrier is one of the key factors influencing the efficiency of MBBR. The research and application progress of the carriers with different material properties, the common fillers and modified fillers of different configurations used in MBBR at home and abroad were mainly reviewed, and the microbial communities characteristics of biofilm attached on different kinds of carriers were analyzed. Finally, the future development trend of carriers was put forward and it was considered that the development of the economic and durable carriers with various pollutants removal efficiency were the future development direction.
Research progress of eco-environmental early warning in China
FAN Xiaoshan, HE Ping, XU Jie, REN Ying, HOU Liping
2020, 10(6): 996-1006. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190212
Abstract(516) PDF(1046KB)(165)
Abstract:
The fundamental principles, research contents and methods of eco-environmental early warning were systematically analyzed and summarized by reviewing the research process of eco-environmental early warning in China. The results showed that the research fields covered the eco-environmental elements and ecosystems, human habitation and industrial economy, river basins and different levels of administrative districts; however, the current researches were difficult to support the national and local ecological security needs, due to the limited accumulation of basic theories and key technologies research results, unreasonable research contents and imperfect research technology and method system. It was proposed that the construction of basic theory should be strengthened, covering the important research contents such as the identification, diagnosis, development and driving mechanism of the problems of ecological security. Moreover, the development characteristics of different types of ecological risks in time and space should be highly considered, and the multi-scale research techniques should be used for obtaining comprehensive data information to enrich the research details and improving the accuracy of eco-environmental early warning, and then the eco-environmental early warning research system should be perfected to provide supports for regional eco-environment management.
Analysis of phosphorus material flow based on yellow phosphorus production process and countermeasures for phosphorus pollution reduction
DANG Chunge, WANG Fan, ZHAO Zhiyuan, LIU Zheng, GUO Yajing
2020, 10(6): 1007-1011. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200020
Abstract(550) PDF(1068KB)(127)
Abstract:
Yellow phosphorus is an important basic industrial raw material in China, while yellow phosphorus production is a high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial process. The material flow analysis method was applied to study the phosphorus pollution reduction of yellow phosphorus production process through summarizing the data of phosphorus-containing units at various points, and establishing corresponding phosphorus trend flow chart and phosphorus balance diagram. The results showed that there were four types of output units in phosphorus production process, including products (yellow phosphorus, recovered phosphorus from sloping plate tanks and refining phosphorus in rotary pots, ferrophosphorus, etc.), with a total proportion of 87.62%; solid wastes (furnace ash, phosphorous slag in rotary pots), accounting for 9.38%; phosphorus furnace exhaust, accounting for 0.37%; and quenching water, accounting for 2.56%. Based on the field investigation and analysis of phosphorus material flow, the main pollution problems of yellow phosphorus production enterprises were pointed out, and the suggestions on phosphorus pollution reduction throughout the process, such as fugitive emission collection, anti-seepage treatment of sewage infrastructure in production area, deep purification of phosphorus-containing exhaust, and comprehensive utilization of mud phosphorus put forward.
Construction technology for site pollution risk control and remediation scheme recommendation system supported by case-based reasoning and machine learning
ZHANG Qiulei, HUANG Guoxin, WANG Xiahui, BI Erping, JI Guohua, CHEN Xi, LU Ran
2020, 10(6): 1012-1021. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200207
Abstract(432) PDF(7123KB)(82)
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems of unreasonable selection and low screening efficiency of the existing soil and groundwater pollution risk control and remediation schemes in China, the site pollution risk control and remediation scheme recommendation system was constructed by using the structured hierarchical storage and search technology as well as case-based reasoning(CBR) and machine learning methods, which realized fast search to find matching source cases. By studying the realization way and content of case base, the structure design and system development of the scheme recommendation system were carried out, and the case retrieval query page based on Web technology was established. Similar cases were retrieved in the case database by using K-nearest neighbor algorithm and analytic hierarchy process, and the scheme recommendation function was realized, in order to provide reference for decision-makers to select relatively optimized site pollution control scheme, and improve the accuracy, intelligence, high efficiency and low cost of site pollution risk management in China.
Water environmental governance mode in Liaohe River Basin and thinking towards the 14th Five-Year Plan
QIAN Feng, WEI Jian, YUAN Zhe, LIU Xueyu, DUAN Liang, SONG Yonghui
2020, 10(6): 1022-1028. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200054
Abstract(529) PDF(2834KB)(114)
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The process of ecological environmental governance and protection in Liaohe River Basin since the 9th Five-Year Plan was systematically combed, and the main problems in water environment quality, water ecological restoration, water environmental management system and mechanism construction in Liaohe River Basin were analyzed. Based on the research results of Liaohe River project, under Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment, the “Five-in-One” management mode of “river basin overall planning (environmental management), classified source control (pollution control), collaborative management (environmental governance), systematic restoration (ecological restoration), industrial support (technological industrialization)” in Liaohe River Basin was summarized. According to the strategic requirements of highlighting green development, emphasizing scientific and technological support, and assisting high-quality economic development, combined with the characteristics of the large-scale heavy chemical industry cluster in Liaohe River Basin, some suggestions were made from the aspects of reasonably determining the objectives and assessment indicators of the 14th Five-Year Plan for water ecological environment protection in Liaohe River Basin, scientifically formulating “water environment, water resources, water ecology” (“Three Waters”) overall planning measures, improving the green development system, and strengthening scientific and technological support, etc., so as to continuously improve the ecological environment quality of the river basin.
Constitution of index system for water environmental carrying capacity based on “Three Waters” connotation: taking Liaohe River Basin as an example
ZHU Yue()
2020, 10(6): 1029-1035. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200124
Abstract(386) PDF(1049KB)(101)
Abstract:
In order to promote the systematic and standardized development of water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) research in Liaohe River Basin, by reviewing the development process of WECC, the concept of WECC was differentiated and defined based on the connotation of water resource, water environment and water ecology (“Three Waters”). On this basis, following the three-level framework, a WECC index system based on “Three Waters” connotation in Liaohe River Basin was established which was composed of three core criteria layers of water resource, water environment and water ecology through basic research, index frequency analysis, policy implementation and expert recommendation. Finally, the development directions of WECC were analyzed concerning the basic theory research, technology and application in Liaohe River Basin in the future, which could provide support for scientific assessment, optimization of early warning and management application of WECC in Liaohe River Basin, and promote the sustainable development of socio-economy, water resource,water environment and water ecology in Liaohe River Basin in the future.
Characteristics, ecological restoration and governance mode of rivers in north cold region in China: taking Shenyang Section of Beisha River as an example
ZHANG Hua, LI Ziyin, SUN Ying, XU Yi, YUAN Yinglan, ZHANG Fan
2020, 10(6): 1036-1042. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200122
Abstract(462) PDF(3433KB)(103)
Abstract:
Many rivers in north cold region in China have problems such as difficulty in maintaining water quality, uneven distribution of water resources in time and space, insufficient ecological flow, and deterioration in water environment, etc. Taking Shenyang Section of Beisha River as example, and with water quality, water quantity, water ecology and water management as the context, the specific problems of the river were identified and water ecological restoration and water environmental management technologies developed in the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment during the 11th, 12th and 13th Five-Year Plan periods were selected and transferred to the engineering measures. Those specific measures were integrated, including improving pipe networks, building sewage treatment facilities, cleaning up wastes along river channel, dredging river sewage, creating estuary wetlands, constructing gate dams and channel wetlands, fencing the flood land, and improving the information monitoring system, etc. On that basis, an exogenous pollutant prevention and control, endogenous pollutant treatment, water quality purification, ecological restoration and long-term maintain mode of ecological restoration and management for rivers in north cold region in China was established, which could provide references for the treatment of other rivers with similar problems.
Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of water quality in Liaohe Conservation Area
LI Mingyue, QIAN Feng, LI Dan, DUAN Liang
2020, 10(6): 1043-1049. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200104
Abstract(394) PDF(5330KB)(117)
Abstract:
Since the establishment of Liaohe Conservation Area in 2010, its governance and protection has changed from multi-department water control, section-by-section management and segmentation of trap and block to overall planning, centralized management and comprehensive protection. Based on the comparative analysis of water quality monitoring data of 8 sections in Liaohe main stream from 2006 to 2019, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of water quality and main pollutants before and after the establishment of Liaohe Conservation Area were discussed. The results indicated that the water quality of the main stream of Liaohe River had been greatly improved ever since designation of the protection zone, and the water quality inferior to Class Ⅴ of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002)had been completely eliminated. The concentrations of COD and NH3-N decreased significantly, and the water quality of the whole Liaohe River remained at Class Ⅲ-Ⅳ, although they fluctuated in 2018. In terms of spatial distribution, the water quality in the upper reaches of the reserve (Tieling section) was the worst, the middle reaches (Shenyang section) was slightly better, and the lower reaches (Anshan and Panjin sections) became worse. From upstream to downstream, the concentrations of main pollutants COD and NH3-N increased firstly, then decreased and then increased. The effective implementation of water pollution control and water environment management of "three major projects" and "three campaigns" in Liaohe Conservation Area had played an important role in improving the water quality. The agricultural non-point source pollution in the upstream and the discharge of domestic sewage and industrial sewage in the downstream were the main factors for the spatial difference of water quality and pollutants in Liaohe Conservation Area.
Water pollution characteristics in wetlands and empirical evaluation of purification effect in Liaohe River Basin
FAN Zhiping, WANG Qiong, SUN Xuekai, HAN Qing, CHEN Han, BAI Jie
2020, 10(6): 1050-1056. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200032
Abstract(396) PDF(1695KB)(102)
Abstract:
Wetlands which are the transition areas between riparian land and river water in watershed ecosystem play important roles in the pollution control, biodiversity conservation and erosion and sediment reduction. In order to reveal the pollutants reduction characteristics of wetlands in the upper, middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River Basin, and to quantitatively compare the differences of the purification effects of the wetlands, the water quality and quantity at the junction of East and West Liaohe River, Qixing Wetland and Liaohe River Estuary Wetland were monitored on the spot, the status of water pollution was analyzed by Nemerow pollution index, and the pollutant removal effect of wetlands was empirical evaluated. The results showed that Nemerow pollution index at the entrance of tributary rivers were higher than that in central wetlands and at wetland water outlets. The water pollution status would be gradually alleviated owing to purification effects of wetlands along with the distance away from the tributary estuary. The reduction effects in the above three wetlands on the pollutants were different mainly due to the structural, complex and regional characteristics of water pollution in the tributary rivers.
Research on adsorption properties of biochar for pesticide molecules of agricultural non-point source pollutants
TANG Jiaxi, ZHU Yongle, LIU Yue, DONG Xinyue, JIANG Bing, WANG Shaolei, LUO Qing
2020, 10(6): 1057-1062. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200033
Abstract(369) PDF(4029KB)(104)
Abstract:
Biochar is widely used in ecological restoration, agriculture and environmental protection. It is of great significance for soil remediation in environmental protection and agricultural production to develop materials that can adsorb pesticides (mainly acetochlor and atrazine herbicides) of agricultural non-point source pollutants. The biochars which had greater adsorption capacity were selected based on the analysis of raw materials and structural properties of biochars. The molecular structure of biochar, microporous structure and adsorption energy of acetochlor and atrazine were discussed by the density functional theory, and the adsorption and influence of microporous structure on pesticide molecules were studied by theoretical simulation. The results showed that the main components and pore size of plant biochar could affect the adsorption capacity of acetochlor and atrazine molecules, in which lilac-based structural lignin had the strongest adsorption ability on acetochlor and atrazine molecules. In general, the adsorption capacity was in the order of lignin﹥cellulose﹥hemicellulose, and 1 times pore size﹥2 times pore size﹥4 times pore size.
Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of land use pattern in Liaohe Conservation Area from 2010 to 2018
LI Fujie, YANG Caiyun, GAO Yanni, FENG Chaoyang, MA Huan
2020, 10(6): 1063-1071. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200201
Abstract(287) PDF(3428KB)(92)
Abstract:
The regional land use pattern is mainly affected by economic, policy and climate conditions. The change of land use pattern will affect the quality of regional ecological environment. Through visual interpretation of remote sensing images, on-site exploration and other methods, a total of 9 periods of land use data from 2010 to 2018 were formed. Considering from temporal and spatial pattern, change intensity, land use transfer matrix and ecosystem pattern, the spatial distribution, temporal and spatial changes of land use in Liaohe Conservation Area were analyzed. The results showed that Liaohe Conservation Area was dominated by wetlands, cultivated land and water bodies at the beginning of the reserve designation in 2010, accounting for 81.3% of the total area. With the establishment of the conservation area in 2011, the proportion of cultivated land decreased from 33.5% to 8.3%, and the proportion of grassland increased from 0.4% to 23.5%. From 2010 to 2018, the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use in Liaohe Conservation Area showed a downward trend,among which the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use was higher in 2011, 2014 and 2018, and the transformation among various land use types was relatively fierce. The land use types with larger dynamic degree of single land use were cultivated land, grassland and forestland, etc. From 2010 to 2018, the aggregation degree of landscape pattern of Liaohe Conservation Area was basically stable, and the connectivity was slightly improved. The establishment of Liaohe Conservation Area and the implementation of relevant measures had promoted the increase of ecological land area and played a positive role in the ecological restoration of the conservation area.
Research on the storage process design of river health restoration and management technologies in Liaohe Conservation Area
MU Yingming, HAN Lu, LI Dan, YAN Xiaohan, DUAN Liang
2020, 10(6): 1072-1078. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200206
Abstract(309) PDF(1168KB)(79)
Abstract:
In order to construct the technology database of river health restoration and management and apply the technical achievements produced in recent years to the watershed system management, based on the summary and review of the restoration and management technologies in Liaohe Conservation area, the storage process design of the river health restoration and management technologies in Liaohe Conservation Area was proposed. The process was composed of four main procedures: technology collection, classification, evaluation and storage review. First of all, the achievements of the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project were collected and sorted out, and classified according to their technical properties. Secondly, the evaluation results of technology innovation, technology leadership and technology readiness were used as the storage conditions for technologies. Finally, the technologies with innovation evaluation score greater than 60, technology leadership evaluation score greater than 50, and restoration technologies with readiness level 6 or above, management technologies with readiness level 4 or above, were formed as a technology list and were included in the technology database.

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