Abstract: To meet the development needs of coordinated pollution and carbon reduction, and resource recovery in wastewater treatment, the osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC), integrating pollutant removal, water recovery, and bioelectricity generation, has emerged as an important research area at the intersection of water treatment and bioelectrochemistry. Publications from 2012 to 2025 were retrieved and screened from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica was conducted to examine publication trends, national and institutional collaboration, author networks, hotspot evolution, and emerging research directions. The results showed that publication output in this field first increased and then declined. Research activity was concentrated in China, India, the United States, Malaysia, and the Republic of Korea‌, while author collaboration was characterized by multiple core groups with predominantly small teams. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed a three-tier structure of research themes in the OsMFC field, comprising bioelectrochemical fundamentals, transmembrane water-salt coupling, and long-term operational constraints. Keyword burst analysis indicated that research emphasis initially centered on evaluations of power generation, electron transfer, and system feasibility following the introduction of the forward osmosis membrane, subsequently shifted toward the regulation of water flux, osmotic pressure, and draw solution conditions, together with the mitigation of reverse salt flux, and more recently focused on membrane modification, salt accumulation, draw-solution regeneration, long-term operation, and system scale-up. Evaluation objectives also shifted from individual performance metrics toward integrated assessment of pollutant removal, water recovery, energy recovery, and operational stability. Future research should strengthen continuous-operation studies using complex wastewater and pilot-scale validation, quantify water-salt-electricity coupling, and incorporate draw solution regeneration, membrane maintenance, and auxiliary energy demand into techno-economic and life-cycle assessments to define the applicable scenarios and engineering scale-up boundaries of OsMFCs.