Abstract: Osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC), integrating pollutant removal, water recovery and bioelectricity generation, has become an important research direction in water treatment and bioelectrochemical systems. To reveal research progress and the evolution of research hotspots in this field, OsMFC-related publications from 2012 to 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database and analyzed using bibliometrics with VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Scimago Graphica. The analysis covered publication trends, collaboration patterns, research hotspots and emerging trends. Results show that OsMFC publications increased and then declined from 2012 to 2025. Research activity was mainly concentrated in China, India, the United States, Malaysia and the United Kingdom, with productive institutions dominated by universities and research institutes. Author collaboration showed a multi-core, small-team pattern. Research hotspots focused on power generation, electrode materials, membrane processes and wastewater treatment, and gradually expanded to resource and energy recovery, bioremediation, ecological treatment and system scale-up. The research focus has shifted from electricity generation mechanisms, electron transfer and internal resistance control to system optimization, material enhancement, pollutant removal, resource and energy recovery, and life cycle assessment. Future studies should further assess membrane fouling, water flux decline, reverse salt flux, internal resistance and electrode biofilm stability under continuous operation with complex wastewater, and evaluate engineering applicability based on pilot-scale operation, energy consumption, operating costs, resource recovery benefits and life cycle assessment.