Abstract: International rivers represent one of the most highly politicized categories of natural resources. The exploitation and conservation of those rivers directly affect the economic development and social stability of riparian countries, as well as geopolitical security. Over the past several decades, as global climate change intensifying and water scarcity becoming more acute, international rivers have gradually emerged as focal points for enhanced development, utilization, and international economic and trade cooperation among affected states. Focusing on the major requirements for building a Beautiful China and the relevant requirements for protecting beautiful rivers and lakes, This study analyzes and summarizes salient characteristics, major value dimensions of international rivers, and elaborates on the prominent problems faced and reviews international practices in international rivers protection to provide decision support for China regarding international river development, utilization, and environmental diplomacy. The results indicate that: ① International rivers possess five fundamental characteristics: transboundary nature, resource-sharing, interdependence, fragmented sovereignty, and ecological sensitivity, respectively, and three major value dimensions: resources, ecological, and political, respectively; ② The conservation of international rivers is commonly confronted with challenges such as conflicts of interest, difficulties in coordination, and significant environmental protection issues; ③ The formulation of laws and regulations, the establishment of collaborative mechanisms, advancements in scientific and technological support, and the promotion of public engagement are widely regarded as representative approaches to the conservation of international rivers. Interdisciplinary research, multilateral cooperation, and the development of legal frameworks should be given more attention in international rivers protection.