Abstract: To scientifically evaluate water resource efficiency (WRE) and its enhancement potential in resource-based industrial parks (RBIPs) along the Yellow River Basin, this study analyzes panel data from 2014 to 2023. Using a super-efficiency EBM model accounting for non-desired outputs, we assess static WRE and conduct spatial redundancy analysis of water pollutants and Dagum Gini coefficients of WRE. Dynamic changes in WRE are evaluated via total factor productivity (TFP) indices, while multi-scenario projections (2024–2030) are developed with parameter variations. Key findings include: The average WRE across RBIPs is 0.809(below DEA efficiency threshold of 1), with significant spatial variability in pollutant redundancies: Shanxi RBIPs exhibit highest COD/NH₃-N redundancies (41.95%/43.74%), while Henan RBIPs show an 88.09% volatile phenol redundancy, highlighting urgent pollution control needs. The overall Gini coefficient decreased, indicating narrowing spatial disparities in WRE. TFP indices for WRE increased annually, driven mainly by scale efficiency (7% contribution) and technical efficiency (7%), whereas pure technical efficiency contributed minimally (2%). Under baseline, advanced, and enhanced scenarios, projected average WRE reaches 0.87–0.92 by 2030, with growth rates varying between 9.1%–19.22% across parks. These results suggest that RBIPs should adopt location-specific strategies to optimize resource allocation and enhance WRE.