Abstract: Driven by the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the photovoltaic power generation industry has become a core pillar of China's energy transition. To promote the green and sustainable development of the photovoltaic power generation industry, this study investigated the environmental impact assessment (EIA) management policies of the industry. It analyzed the distribution of photovoltaic power generation projects in China, the approval processes of EIA, and environmental protection investment in recent years. On-site surveys were also conducted on the management of EIA for photovoltaic power generation construction projects in Qinghai Province and Shanxi Province. The study identified several challenges: inadequate macro-level planning, inconsistent EIA approval criteria across regions, environmental protection measures that were often not sufficiently targeted or properly implemented, and difficulties in recycling and disposing of end-of-life PV modules. In response to the above issues, some suggestions were put forward, including strengthening the macro guidance of planning EIA, improving EIA management standards of the photovoltaic industry, and improving oversight during and after project implementation. These measures aim to provide decision-making references for EIA management of the photovoltaic power generation industry.