Abstract: The printing and dyeing industry, a pillar of China's national economy yet characterized by high energy consumption and high pollution, is a key sector for driving the green and low-carbon transformation of regional economy through the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Taking Wuxi City as a case study area, this study constructed a carbon emission accounting system for the printing and dyeing industry, calculated the carbon emissions data of the industry from 2016 to 2023, and analyzed the characteristics of pollution and carbon emissions using the spatial Gini coefficient method. Furthermore, it evaluated the synergistic effects of pollution and carbon emission reduction by applying the coupling coordination degree model, and finally identified the key driving factors for the coordinated development of pollution and carbon emission reduction through Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that from 2016 to 2023, Wuxi's printing and dyeing industry showed a development trend of downsizing and agglomeration, with both carbon emissions and pollutant emissions decreasing significantly, among which the average annual decline rate of carbon emissions reached 15.28% from 2020 to 2023. Electricity, natural gas, and heat were the primary carbon emission sources of the printing and dyeing industry, while cotton printing and dyeing finishing, chemical fiber fabric dyeing and finishing, and wool dyeing and finishing were the main emission sectors. Furthermore, the coupling coordination degree of pollution and carbon emission reduction in the city's printing and dyeing industry has progressed through three stages: Imbalance, Preliminary Coordination, and Coordinated Development. From 2020 to 2023, the coordination level has steadily improved, yet the overall progress of carbon emission reduction still lagged behind that of pollution reduction. The Spearman analysis revealed that the coupling coordination degree of pollution and carbon emission reduction was significantly positively correlated with production efficiency, the proportion of electricity energy, the level of cleaner production, the investment in unit sewage treatment, and the degree of industrial agglomeration, while it was significantly negatively correlated with the wastewater discharge volume and the energy consumption per unit product. It was recommended that Wuxi prioritize the regions of Jiangyin, Huishan, and Yixing, with a focus on the cotton printing and finishing, chemical fiber fabric dyeing and finishing, and wool dyeing and finishing sectors. The city should accelerate the optimization of the printing and dyeing industry's energy structure, promotion the application of energy-efficient technologies and equipment, expedite the development of printing and dyeing clusters, strengthen water and energy conservation management, and promote low-carbon wastewater treatment technologies. The implementation of these measures is expected to enhance the industry's carbon reduction effectiveness and drive the in-depth advancement of pollution reduction, carbon reduction, and efficiency improvement in the printing and dyeing industry.