Abstract: The Green Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) not only contributes to the sustainable development of partner countries but also provides crucial support in addressing climate change challenges. This article examines the initiative's potential and challenges in promoting carbon emission reduction and climate action by analyzing its implementation outcomes, existing obstacles, and corresponding countermeasures. The study finds that the Green BRI has achieved significant progress in the areas of ecological environment, such as the improvement of low-carbon technology, environmental protection exchanges and cooperation, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. However, its implementation still faces multiple challenges, including significant disparities among partner countries, heavy reliance on traditional energy sources, and insufficient and unevenly distributed funding, which hinder the adoption of low-carbon technologies, restrict renewable energy development, and weaken climate resilience. To address these issues, the study proposes implementing low-carbon technology cooperation of "one country, one policy", gradually promoting structural reform and environmental protection, and forming the fund application of multilateral investment and supervision. These recommendations aim to support the sustainable advancement of the Green BRI, facilitate green and low-carbon transitions in partner countries, and contribute China's wisdom and solutions to global climate governance.