Abstract: To explore the current survival status of mammals in Chaohu Lake Basin and the adaptation mechanisms of wildlife in urban environments, we used methods of grids and transects to set up 40 infrared-triggered camera traps in key habitats of Chaohu Lake Basin from March 2022 to November 2023. The relative abundance index, Simpson diversity index, Shannon diversity index, and Pielou index were calculated to measure species diversity. The resource selection function, Vanderploeg index and Scavia selection index were employed to analyze the habitat selection for the Nyctereutes procyonoides. The results showed a total of nine species across four orders and seven families were recorded in Chaohu Lake Basin, including two national second-grade protected species and five threatened species listed in Red List of Chinese Vertebrates. The relative abundance index and three biodiversity indices on the south shore were higher than that on the north shore of the Chaohu Lake. The resource selection function of Nyctereutes procyonoides indicated that their habitat selection probability was significantly positively correlated with tree canopy density, average tree height, and average tree diameter at breast height, and significantly negatively correlated with the nearest road distance. Vanderploeg and Scavia's indices further demonstrated Nyctereutes procyonoides prefer to live in habitats with slopes ≤20°, moderate shrub species richness, and intermediate shrub coverage, which are not dependent on water source distance. Behavioral adaptations of Nyctereutes procyonoides under urbanization were insensitive to low-intensity anthropogenic disturbances that do not degrade habitats. This study clarifies the current survival status of mammals in the Lake Chaohu Basin. It identifies the habitat preferences of Nyctereutes procyonoides in an urban context and highlights its ecological adaptation strategies. These findings are crucial for mammal protection and lakeshore ecological restoration in Chaohu Lake.