Chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in groundwater is a widespread global environmental issue. Due to the persistence, low solubility, and bio-toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons, exploring effective technologies for their removal from groundwater is crucial. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) represents an emerging groundwater remediation technology for sustainable, in-situ passive treatment of groundwater pollution. Zero-valent iron (ZVI), known for its high reduction capacity and environmental friendliness, is one of the most widely used abiotic materials in PRBs for the remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in the groundwater. Current research on ZVI-PRB primarily focuses on the selection and improvement of reactive media, factors influencing operational performance, electron competition and selectivity, and the associated mechanisms. We summarize the limitations of ZVI-PRB,

including the decreased ZVI reduction capacity and weakened hydraulic performance, and outline various solutions and strategies. We also discuss the impact of groundwater chemical components, microorganisms, temperature, and co-existing organic matter on the long-term operational performance in the ZVI-PRB remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in groundwater, and analyze the existing challenges during their operation. Finally, we proposed future research ideas and key directions, providing references and guidance for promoting and guiding the application of ZVI-PRB in groundwater environments.