太湖流域洙漕河-大溪水库典型抗生素时空分布特征、来源及风险评价

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, sources and risk assessment of typical antibiotics in Zhucao River-Daxi Reservoir of Lake Taihu Basin

  • 摘要: 采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法对太湖流域洙漕河-大溪水库表层水体中6类21种抗生素进行为期1年的监测,分析其赋存特征,研究其与环境因子的关系并进行溯源,进而评估其潜在风险。结果表明:研究区共检出目标抗生素19种,四环素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类是主要抗生素类型。在时间上,除磺胺类浓度呈夏高冬低外,其他抗生素浓度基本呈冬高夏低、春秋相似的趋势。在空间上,抗生素浓度总体呈现库岸带>入库支流河口>洙漕河的分布规律。相关性分析显示,水体中抗生素浓度与水温、DO、pH、CODMn、Chla和营养盐等环境因子存在显著相关性。主成分分析-多元线性回归统计法分析结果表明,洙漕河-大溪水库抗生素主要来自禽畜养殖废水、农田废水和水产养殖废水。生态风险评价显示,绝大部分单种抗生素对藻类无风险,但罗红霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、磺胺甲噁 唑对藻类存在风险,其中,诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星存在中风险。春、夏、秋、冬四季19种抗生素对藻类存在总风险的点位分别占73.9%、73.9%、91.3%、95.7%,其中34.8%、39.1%、47.8%、56.5%的点位为中风险,并且库岸带大于洙漕河,冬季大于夏季。藻类的总生态风险主要来自喹诺酮类抗生素,无脊椎动物和鱼类的总生态风险则主要来自磺胺类抗生素。人群健康风险评价显示所有目标抗生素均无风险。

     

    Abstract: A solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS) method was used to monitor six classes and 21 types of antibiotics in the surface water of Zhucao River-Daxi Reservoir of Lake Taihu Basin for one year. The study aimed to analyze their occurrence characteristics, study their relationship with environmental factors, trace their sources, and evaluate their potential risks. The results showed that a total of 19 target antibiotics were detected in the study area, in which tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides were the main types of antibiotics. Temporally, except for sulfonamides, which were high in summer and low in winter, the other antibiotics were basically high in winter and low in summer, with similar trends both in spring and autumn. Spatially, the distribution pattern of the antibiotic concentration generally showed: reservoir bank zone>inflow tributary estuary>Zhucao River. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between the antibiotics and environmental factors, including water temperature, DO, pH, CODMn, Chla and nutrients. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) analysis showed that the antibiotics in Zhucao River-Daxi Reservoir mainly came from livestock breeding wastewater, agriculture wastewater and aquaculture wastewater. Ecological risk assessment showed that most single antibiotics were risk-free to algae, but roxithromycin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were at risk to algae, in which norfloxacin and enrofloxacin were even at medium risk. In winter, spring, summer and autumn, the proportion of sites with total risk of algae exposure to 19 kinds of antibiotics was 95.7%, 73.9%, 73.9% and 91.3%, respectively, among which 56.5%, 34.8%, 39.1% and 47.8% of the sites were even at medium risk. At the same time, the total risk of Daxi Reservoir was greater than Zhucao River, with winter greater than summer. The total ecological risk of algae was mainly from quinolones, while that of invertebrates and fish was mainly from sulfanilamides. Meanwhile, all the target antibiotics had no potential health risks to the human body.

     

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