Application of low-temperature activated oxygen decomposition technology to treat village and town domestic waste

The increasing volume of domestic waste in villages and towns poses significant challenges for waste management. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of low-temperature active oxygen decomposition technology in treating village and town domestic waste, waste samples were collected for analysis, with measurements of the composition, moisture content, and calorific value taken to characterize the waste properties before treatment. Bottom ash generated post-treatment was analyzed for loss on ignition (LOI), microstructure, crystalline phase composition, heavy metal content, and leaching characteristics. Additionally, pollutant concentrations in the flue gas emissions were assessed. The results showed that the waste primarily comprised kitchen waste, plastics, and paper, with a moisture content of 45.3% and a calorific value of 1.79 MJ/kg. After active oxygen decomposition, the ash production rate was 13.41%, and the LOI was 16.51%, which exceeded the limit specified by the Standard for Pollution Control on the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (GB 18485-2014). The bottom ash exhibited a complex microstructural morphology, characterized by agglomerates of flaky and granular particles. Its phase composition primarily consisted of CaCO₃ and SiO₂, which was comparable to that of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration. In terms of heavy metal content, except for Hg and Pb, the contents of other heavy metals exceeded the risk screening limits set by the Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Agricultural Land Pollution Risk Control (GB 15618-2018). However, the leaching toxicity of all tested heavy metals remained below the permissible limits specified in the Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste (GB 16889-2024), suggesting that the bottom ash was suitable for direct landfill disposal. Emission concentrations of major pollutants, including particulate matter, CO, SO₂, and NO_x, complied with the regulatory limits of GB 18485-2014.