正渗透微生物燃料电池反向溶质通量和膜污染控制技术研究进展

段亮; 李世龙; 邢飞

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220593

正渗透微生物燃料电池反向溶质通量和膜污染控制技术研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220593

段亮^{1, 2,},
李世龙^{1, 2,},
邢飞^{1, 2}

1.
环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.
中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2018ZX07601-003）

详细信息

作者简介:
段亮（1983—），男，研究员，博士，长期从事水环境处理技术研究，duanliang@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X703
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-08

Technical research progress of controlling reverse solute flux and membrane fouling in osmotic microbial fuel cell

DUAN Liang^{1, 2
,},
LI Shilong^{1, 2
,},
XING Fei^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
正渗透微生物燃料电池（OsMFC）采用正渗透（FO）膜代替传统微生物燃料电池（MFC）中的质子交换膜，可以在回收生物电的同时借助FO膜对原料液即阳极污水进行处理并提取高质量水，该技术受到广泛关注。与传统MFC相比，OsMFC在产电性能和出水水质方面均有提升。但是，FO膜的引入使得OsMFC系统反向溶质扩散和膜污染等问题十分突出，进而导致FO膜的水通量降低，OsMFC的产电和产水性能下降，限制了OsMFC的发展和应用。随着近年来材料和生物等领域的不断发展，上述问题可以通过合理的技术手段解决。从优化OsMFC性能出发，重点从反向溶质通量（RSF）控制和膜污染控制2个方面对近几年的研究进行分析和总结，主要包括通过膜材料的选择、汲取液的选择和OsMFC系统内产电对RSF进行抑制，以及通过膜污染形成机制、膜污染的技术调控、膜污染清洗、膜材料的改性和阳极微生物的筛选与培养对膜污染进行控制，并对未来OsMFC的RSF和膜污染的控制技术进行了展望。
- 正渗透微生物燃料电池(OsMFC) /
- 反向溶质通量(RSF) /
- 汲取液 /
- 膜污染 /
- 正渗透（FO）膜 /
- 产电 /
- 膜材料
Abstract:
Forward osmosis microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) uses forward osmosis (FO) membrane to replace the proton exchange membrane in traditional microbial fuel cell (MFC), which can be used to treat the feed solution, i. e. anode sewage, and extract high quality water while recovering the bioelectricity. This technology attracts more and more attention. Compared with traditional MFC, OsMFC has been improved in electricity generation performance and effluent quality. However, the introduction of FO membrane makes the problems of reverse solute flux (RSF) and membrane fouling in OsMFC very prominent, which leads to the reduction of water flux of FO membrane, the degradation of OsMFC's electrical and water production performance, and limits the development and application of OsMFC. With the continuous development of materials and biology in recent years, the above problems can be solved by reasonable technical means. To optimize the performance of OsMFC, this paper focuses on the control of RSF and membrane fouling. It mainly included the inhibition of RSF through the selection of membrane materials, the selection of draw solutions and the electricity generation in OsMFC, as well as the control of membrane fouling by studying the formation mechanism of membrane fouling, the technical regulation of membrane fouling, membrane fouling cleaning, the membrane modification and the screening and cultivation of anode microorganisms. Finally, the technical developments for controlling RSF and membrane fouling in OsMFC in the future were prospected.
- osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) /
- reverse solute flux (RSF) /
- draw solution /
- membrane fouling /
- osmosis membrane /
- electricity generation /
- membrane material

HTML全文

图 1 OsMFC基本原理

Figure 1. Basic principle of OsMFC

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 RSF基本原理（以活性层朝向汲取液为例）

Figure 2. Basic principle of RSF (taking the active layer facing the draw solution as an example)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 FO膜污染示意

Figure 3. Schematic of FO membrane fouling

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 生物污染形成过程

Figure 4. Biological contamination formation process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 已有研究中OsMFC的参数与性能总结

Table 1. Summary of parameters and performance of OsMFC in existing research results

研究开展年份	汲取液种类	外部电阻/Ω	电流密度/ （A/m³）	最大输出功率/ （W/m³）	数据来源
2011	NaCl（58 g/L）	10	30.0	4.74	文献[1]
2011	海水（35 g/L）	10	17.3	2.39	文献[1]
2013	NaCl（35 g/L）	100	0.1	43.00	文献[23]
2013	NaCl（2 mol/L）	10	37.0	4.50	文献[24]
2014	NaCl（2 mol/L）	50	139.5	27.38	文献[25]
2015	NaCl（1 mol/L）	100		11.70	文献[26]
2018	K₂SO₄（0.5 mol/L）	10	24.7		文献[27]
2019	EDTA-Na₂(0.2 mol/L)	10	22.5		文献[28]
2019	NaCl（0.185 mol/L）	10	23.6		文献[28]
2020	NaCl（1 mol/L）	500		3.70	文献[29]
	PBS（1 mol/L）	10	73.3		文献[30]
	NaCl（1 mol/L）	10	49.7		文献[30]
2021	NaCl（0.25 mol/L）	5		0.10	文献[31]
	NaCl（35 g/L）	100		3.40	文献[32]
	NH₄HCO₃(1 mol/L)	5	402.0		文献[33]
2022	NaCl（35 g/L）+ NaHCO₃（1 g/L）	250		11.10	文献[34]

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 PAA-Na和EDTA-Na₂与常规汲取液的性能对比

Table 2. Comparison of performance of PAA-Na and EDTA-Na₂ with conventional draw solutions

汲取液种类	水通量/ 〔L/(m²·h)〕	电流密度/ （A/m³）	RSF/ 〔g/(m²·h)〕	回收率/%	数据来源
PAA-Na （质量比32%）	12.7±0.2	159.0±6.0	0.05	≥99	文献[52]
PBS (质量比8%)	3.4~3.7	167.0±6.0	9.12±0.10		文献[52]
EDTA-Na₂ (0.2 mol/L)	1.6	22.5	0.38	>90	文献[28]
NaCl （0.185 mol/L）	1.2	23.6	1.00		文献[28]

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 HRT对OsMFC的影响

Table 3. Effect of HRT on OsMFC

HRT/h	水通量/〔L/(m²·h)〕	最大输出功率密度/(W/m³）	数据来源
24	1.11	0.10	文献[24]
12	1.33	0.36
6	1.49	0.82
6	1.52±0.11	2.68±0.87	文献[32]
4.5	1.57±0.11
3	1.64±0.09	4.77±0.57

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同清洗方法的清洗效果

Table 4. Cleaning effect of different cleaning methods

清洗方法	水通量/〔L/(m²·h)〕	水通量恢复率/%	内阻/Ω	最大输出功率密度/（W/m³)	数据来源
原始膜	4.17±0.16		86.4±34.3	3.42±0.18	文献[32]
去离子水+超声波	2.04±0.06	48.9	141.5±14.4	2.87±0.09
0.1% NaOH+0.2%NaCl	3.06±0.11	73.5	112.2±19.8	3.12±0.54
0.2%NaClO	3.82±0.07	91.6	89.2±30.5	3.35±0.67
原始膜	4.25		494.3±25.4	1.28	文献[70]
NaClO	3.05	63.1	374.4±8.0	0.22
EDTA	3.21	57.5	394.8±9.1	0.11
物理清洗	2.69	44.7	423.4±12.6	0.76

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 加入铁还原菌前后系统性能及FO膜性能^[70]

Table 5. System performance and FO membrane performance before and after adding iron reduction bacteria

状态	最高输出电压/mV	最大输出功率密度/（W/m³）	阳极电导率/（mS/cm）	阴极电导率/（mS/cm）	水通量/〔L/(m²·h)〕	Na⁺反向渗透量〔g/(m²·h)〕
未加入	300	1.28	8.50~10.50	30.38~45.29	1.54~3.14	12.23~18.19
加入	840	1.28	12.23±1.05	19.89~45.31	1.83~3.20	6.40~10.79

下载: 导出CSV

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