白洋淀重金属污染特征与生态风险评价

高秋生; 田自强; 焦立新; 丁琳; 杨苏文; 郝子峰; 崔志丹; 贾海斌

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.010

白洋淀重金属污染特征与生态风险评价

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.010

高秋生^1,2,3,
田自强^1,2,
焦立新^1,3,*, ,,
丁琳^1,2,
杨苏文^1,3,
郝子峰^1,3,
崔志丹^1,3,
贾海斌^1,3

^1. 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012
^2. 中国环境科学研究院流域水环境综合管理研究中心,北京 100012
^3. 中国环境科学研究院,湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,北京 100012

详细信息

作者简介:
高秋生(1992—),男,助理工程师,主要从事湖泊水污染控制研究, wintersgaoo@163.com

通讯作者:
焦立新 E-mail: jiaolx@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X524
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出版历程
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-20

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Baiyangdian Lake

GAO Qiusheng^1,2,3,
TIAN Ziqiang^1,2,
JIAO Lixin^{1,3,*
, ,},
DING Lin^1,2,
YANG Suwen^1,3,
HAO Zifeng^1,3,
CUI Zhidan^1,3,
JIA Haibin^1,3

^1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
^2. Water Environment Management and Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
^3. National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Lixin JIAO E-mail: jiaolx@craes.org.cn

摘要

摘要: 为了解雄安新区核心水系——白洋淀重金属污染情况,在白洋淀布设了15个采样点,对水体和沉积物重金属浓度分布特征进行分析,利用综合污染指数法、地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度进行评价,并结合历史数据对2004—2016年沉积物中重金属浓度及潜在生态风险指数变化进行分析。结果表明:白洋淀水体中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb平均浓度分别为2.38、6.56、5.57、67.17、4.13、0.034、0.39 μg/L,其中烧车淀点的Cu和Zn浓度,寨南、洛网淀、圈头、枣林庄、光淀张庄、郭里口和安新大桥点的Zn浓度超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类水质标准,其他采样点均优于Ⅰ类水质标准,且Cr、As、Cd和Pb在各采样点均优于Ⅰ类水质标准;沉积物中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb平均浓度分别为48.53、25.51、28.83、91.19、161.51、3.21、45.26 mg/kg,其中Cr和Ni浓度在各采样点均优于GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》Ⅰ类标准,Cu、Zn和Pb浓度在各采样点优于Ⅱ类标准,As和Cd浓度在各采样点显著高于Ⅲ类标准。综合污染指数显示白洋淀水体重金属无污染,地积累指数(I_geo)和潜在生态风险指数(RI)表明白洋淀沉积物中Cd污染极为严重,As污染较重,应引起足够的重视。2004—2016年白洋淀沉积物中As、Cd和Pb浓度急剧增加,尤其是Cd对RI贡献率为83%以上,是主要的污染因子,应加强Cd入湖污染控制和底泥污染治理。
- 白洋淀 /
- 重金属 /
- 综合污染指数 /
- 地积累指数 /
- 潜在生态风险指数
Abstract: In order to survey the present heavy metals pollution of the main surface water in Xiongan New Area-Baiyangdian, 15 points were set up to study the distribution characteristics of heavy metals concentrations in surface water and sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, and the pollution degree of surface water and sediment of the lake was assessed by the methods of comprehensive pollution index, index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index. The changes of heavy metal concentration and potential ecological risk index from 2004 to 2016 were also analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in water were 2.38, 6.56, 5.57, 67.17, 4.13, 0.034, 0.39 μg/L, respectively. Among them, Cu and Zn at the Shaochedian site, and Zn at Zhainan, Luowangdian, Quantou, Zaolinzhuang, Guangdianzhangzhuang, Guolikou and Anxin Bridge sites exceeded Class Ⅰ of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002). Other sites were better than Class Ⅰ water quality standards, Cr, As, Cd and Pb were better than Class Ⅰ water quality standards in all points. The concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in sediment were 48.53, 25.51, 28.83, 91.19, 161.51, 3.21, 45.26 mg/kg, respectively. Cr and Ni were better than Class Ⅰ of Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995) in all points, while Cu, Zn and Pb were better than Class Ⅱ standards in all points. As and Cd were both significantly higher than Class Ⅲ standards in all points. The comprehensive pollution index showed that there was no heavy metals pollution in Baiyangdian surface water, while the accumulation index and potential ecological risk index indicated that Cd pollution in Baiyangdian sediments was extremely serious and As was also seriously polluted, which should be paid enough attention to. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb significantly increased from 2003 to 2014, and Cd contributed more than 83% to the historical heavy metal potential ecological risk index, especially, being the main pollution factor. Therefore, the control of Cd pollution into the lake and sediment should be strengthened.
- Baiyangdian Lake /
- heavy metal /
- comprehensive pollution index /
- geo-accumulation index /
- potential ecological risk index

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