典型危险废物污染控制关键环节识别研究

Identification of the Key Pollution Control Links of the Typical Hazardous Wastes

  • 摘要: 选取染料涂料类废物、废矿物油、电镀污泥和废酸废碱等四类典型危险废物,针对其环境管理现状(包括贮存、收集与运输及处理处置和综合利用环节)进行了调查与分析。结果表明,危险废物贮存环节环境管理不规范现象普遍,由于包装、贮存方式和防渗设施的不规范,导致地下水和地表水污染(降雨对危险废物的淋滤),或造成大气污染(由于危险废物中有机污染物的挥发);危险废物收集与运输环节管理较为规范,环境风险不大;危险废物处理处置和综合利用环节中染料涂料类废物和废矿物油主要采用焚烧,电镀污泥主要采用固化填埋,废酸废碱一般采用中和处理。贮存环节可能造成的污染及对人体健康的危害应重点关注,其次是处理处置和综合利用环节的填埋处置。暴露途径主要是通过淋滤污染地下水、有机物扩散污染大气两种方式。

     

    Abstract: The environmental management status of four typical hazardous wastes (including dyeing and coating waste, waste mineral oil, electroplating sludge, waste acid and alkali) was investigated and analyzed, focusing on the processes of waste storage, waste transportation, waste disposal and comprehensive utilization. The results showed that non-standardized environmental management was often founded in hazardous waste storage process. Due to inadequate management for packing, storage and leakage prevention facilities, the groundwater and surface water were polluted by the hazardous waste leachate from rainfall leaching, and the air was polluted by volatile organic compounds in hazardous waste. In collection and transportation process, the hazardous wastes management was more standardized, and the environmental risk was relatively small. In disposal and comprehensive utilization process, dyeing and coating waste and waste mineral oil were disposed mainly by incineration, while electroplating sludge was mainly disposed by solidification and landfills, and waste acid and alkali disposed by neutralizing. In conclusions, more attentions should be paid to the potential environmental pollution and its harm to human health in storage process, followed by landfill process in disposal and comprehensive utilization. The pollutants had two main exposure pathways, i.e. polluting the groundwater through leaching and polluting the air by volatile organic compounds emission.

     

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