Abstract:
The high leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash poses a serious threat to human health and ecological environment. In order to solve the technical bottleneck faced by the traditional fly ash sintering technologies, which is caused by chlorine-promoted reaction leading to the volatilization of heavy metals and the difficulty of ceramics in high-calcium and low-silica-aluminum systems, the synergistic disposal process of ‘membrane concentrate leaching-ceramic formation of multi-source solid wastes’wasdesigned, and the heavy metal solidification system of CaO-SiO
2-Al
2O
3-NaF was constructed. This study showed that: membrane concentrate leaching removed 98.46% of soluble chlorine salts in fly ash; leaching residue (50%), overhaul slag (15%) and waste glass (35%) were sintered at 1050℃ for 20 min to prepare 900-grade high-strength ceramic. The solidification rates of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn were 40.52%, 70.22%, 88.45%, 76.12% and 90.19% respectively, and the mechanisms were as follows: Pb, Cu and Zn were cured mainly by chemical bonding to form crystals such as (PbF
2)
12.7(PbO)
58.2(SiO
2)
28.4, CuO, Ca
2Zn
2SiO
7, etc., respectively. Cr and Cd were solidified mainly through ion substitution to form crystals such as Na
6Ca
2Cr
6Si
6O
24(SO
4)
2, CdMgSi
2O
7, etc. A few of CdS, PbCl
2 and PbS were physically sequestered via ceramic pores and CaF
2-based solid matrix. In summary, the synergistic preparation of ceramic from multi-source wastes expands the new path of ‘waste for waste, synergistic use’, and provides theoretical support and engineering solutions for the safe disposal of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals.