焚烧飞灰协同硅铝质固废烧制陶粒重金属固化机制

Preparation of ceramicby sintering MSWI fly ash synergistically with silica-aluminum solid waste and heavy metalsolidification mechanism

  • 摘要: 焚烧飞灰中高浸出毒性的重金属对人体健康和生态环境构成严重威胁。为解决传统焚烧飞灰烧结技术面临的氯促反应导致重金属挥发和高钙低硅铝体系难以成陶的技术瓶颈,设计了“膜浓缩液淋洗-多源固废成陶”协同处置工艺,构建了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-NaF重金属固化体系。研究表明:膜浓缩液淋洗去除焚烧飞灰中98.46%可溶性氯盐,淋洗残渣(50%)、大修渣(15%)和废玻璃(35%)在1050℃烧结20 min可制备900级高强陶粒。重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu和Zn的固化率分别为40.52%、70.22%、88.45%、76.12%和90.19%,机制为:Pb、Cu、Zn主要通过化学键合分别形成(PbF2)12.7(PbO)58.2(SiO2)28.4、CuO、Ca2Zn2SiO7等晶体固化,Cr、Cd主要通过离子替换形成Na6Ca2Cr6Si6O24(SO4)2、CdMgSi2O7等晶体固化。微量CdS、PbCl2和PbS通过陶粒孔隙及CaF2固溶体物理封存。综上,多源固废协同制备陶粒拓展了“以废治废,协同利用”新路径,为含重金属危废的安全处置提供了理论支撑与工程化方案。

     

    Abstract: The high leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash poses a serious threat to human health and ecological environment. In order to solve the technical bottleneck faced by the traditional fly ash sintering technologies, which is caused by chlorine-promoted reaction leading to the volatilization of heavy metals and the difficulty of ceramics in high-calcium and low-silica-aluminum systems, the synergistic disposal process of ‘membrane concentrate leaching-ceramic formation of multi-source solid wastes’wasdesigned, and the heavy metal solidification system of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-NaF was constructed. This study showed that: membrane concentrate leaching removed 98.46% of soluble chlorine salts in fly ash; leaching residue (50%), overhaul slag (15%) and waste glass (35%) were sintered at 1050℃ for 20 min to prepare 900-grade high-strength ceramic. The solidification rates of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn were 40.52%, 70.22%, 88.45%, 76.12% and 90.19% respectively, and the mechanisms were as follows: Pb, Cu and Zn were cured mainly by chemical bonding to form crystals such as (PbF2)12.7(PbO)58.2(SiO2)28.4, CuO, Ca2Zn2SiO7, etc., respectively. Cr and Cd were solidified mainly through ion substitution to form crystals such as Na6Ca2Cr6Si6O24(SO4)2, CdMgSi2O7, etc. A few of CdS, PbCl2 and PbS were physically sequestered via ceramic pores and CaF2-based solid matrix. In summary, the synergistic preparation of ceramic from multi-source wastes expands the new path of ‘waste for waste, synergistic use’, and provides theoretical support and engineering solutions for the safe disposal of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals.

     

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