Abstract: Fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) are widely used in industrial production and wastewater treatment due to their efficient mass and heat transfer performance, as well as excellent mixing characteristics. However, in practical engineering applications, the design of FBR configuration parameters has not yet formed a systematic and scientific understanding, which has become a key issue limiting its further development. This paper summarizes the development and application status of fluidized bed technology in the field of water treatment, and systematically discusses the design optimization strategy of FBRs from the perspective of configuration parameters, focusing on the influence of parameters such as reactor shape, height-to-diameter ratio, internal structure, supporting materials, bottom clearance height, and draft tube-to-reactor diameter ratio on treatment efficiency, hydrodynamic characteristics, and operational stability. The results indicate that the configuration parameters of FBRs collectively determine wastewater treatment efficiency by regulating hydrodynamic behavior and mass transfer efficiency. A cylindrical FBR with a relatively high height-to-diameter ratio (8-12) and a balanced cross-sectional area ratio between the riser and downcomer (draft tube diameter ratio of 0.6-0.8) is more conducive to effective wastewater treatment. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the scientific design and engineering application of FBRs.