Abstract: In response to the insufficient research on the emission characteristics of inland river vessels and the unclear emission base, this study focused on the inland river vessels in Sichuan Province. It established an inventory of air pollutants and CO₂ emissions for inland river vessels in Sichuan Province in 2023, systematically analyzed the characteristics of air pollutants and CO₂ emissions from vessels, and proposed countermeasures for emission control of inland river vessels in Sichuan Province. The results showed that in 2023, the emissions of PM₁₀, NO_x, SO₂, CO, VOCs, and CO₂ from inland river vessels in Sichuan Province were 0.073, 480.53, 0.145, 40.04, 18.20, and 23 520.78 tons, respectively. The main types of cargo vessels with high emissions were bulk carriers and dry cargo ships, and the main type of passenger vessel with high emissions was the ordinary passenger ship. Ship emissions showed significant monthly variability, with the lowest emissions in January and the highest in November, and the ports with the highest emissions were Yibin and Leshan, with proportions of 56.41% and 27.40%, respectively. The main measures for the green and low-carbon development of inland river vessels in Sichuan Province included the phasing out and renewal of old vessels, the application of new energy and clean energy, and the use of shore power by vessels when in port.