Abstract: In response to the insufficient research on the emission characteristics of inland river vessels and the unclear emission base, this study takes the inland river vessels in Sichuan Province (excluding the Yangtze River) as the research object, establish an inventory of air pollutant and carbon emissions for inland river vessels in Sichuan Province (excluding the Yangtze River) for the year 2023, systematically analyze the characteristics of air pollutant and carbon emissions from vessels, and propose countermeasures for emission control of inland river vessels in Sichuan Province. The results show that: in 2023, the emissions of PM₁₀, NOx, SO₂, CO, VOCs, and CO₂ from inland river vessels in Sichuan Province (excluding the Yangtze River) were 0.073, 480.53, 0.145, 40.04, 18.20, and 23,520.78 tons, respectively; the main types of cargo vessels with high emissions are bulk carriers and dry cargo ships, and the main type of passenger vessel with high emissions is the ordinary passenger ship; emissions show significant monthly variability, with the lowest emissions in January and the highest in November; the ports with the highest emissions are Yibin, Leshan, and Nanchong, with respective proportions of 56.41%, 27.40%, and 3.28%. Other ports have relatively low emissions, each accounting for less than 1%. The main measures for the green and low-carbon development of inland river vessels in Sichuan Province include the phasing out and renewal of old vessels, the application of new energy and clean energy, and the use of shore power by vessels when in port.