2015 Vol. 5, No. 3

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2015 Vol.5, No.3
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Pollutant Control Technology Needs Direction Depth Analysis
Analysis of Haze Control Strategy
ZHANG Fan, WANG Hong-chang, HUANG Jia-yu, SHU Yun
2015, 5(3): 175-179. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.026
Abstract(1885) PDF(1836KB)(917)
Abstract:
The developed countries such as the United States (US) have paid high attention to the control of the haze pollution while developing the economy. The foreign experience can be learned from to solve the problem of haze in China. The differences between China and the US in energy structure, industrial structure, pollution control measures and related regulations and standards were analyzed. It was found that the essence of haze control measures in the US is to reduce both waste gas volume and the pollutants, in which the pollutant reduction is direct whereas the waste gas reduction is behind the energy and industrial restructuring and various energy utilization patterns, which cannot be found easily. But it was actually one important approach to control the haze. By comparing the difference in the total emission amount of air pollutants between China and the US, haze control strategy of China was proposed. It was advised that China should adopted advanced control measures to reduce the waste gas volume, especially of that non-electric industries, as the total pollutant emissions of China is much higher than those of the US. These haze control strategy could provide important references for the future direction of the haze control in China.
Analysis of Requirement of Sustainable and Advanced Air Pollution Control Technologies in China
WANG Hong-chang, ZHU Jin-wei, SHU Yun, ZHANG Chen, HUANG Jia-yu, ZHANG Fan
2015, 5(3): 180-185. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.027
Abstract(1650) PDF(1006KB)(1005)
Abstract:
To implement sustainable and advanced control of air pollutants from stationary sources is one important way of eliminating the haze. Based on an analysis of current situations of pollution control and further emission reduction potentials in various industries in China, it was proposed that the advanced pollution control should focus on industrial boilers and industrial furnaces. The problems of existing air pollution control technologies and the requirements of advanced control in various industries were further analyzed. The current technologies were difficult to realize sustainable and advanced pollution control for industrial boilers and furnaces, due to their high investment and operating costs and non-recyclability of the by-products. Therefore, the research of sustainable and advanced air pollution control technologies in China should highlight the R&D and dissemination of circular economy-type technologies for waste treatment and waste gas volume reduction, the multi-pollutant cooperative control technologies and the by-product commercialization technologies.
Life-Cycle and Sustainability Analysis of Limestone-gypsum Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization
DENG Shuang, YANG Li, LIU Yu, LONG Hong-yan, ZHANG Fan, WANG Fan
2015, 5(3): 186-190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.028
Abstract(1759) PDF(665KB)(1046)
Abstract:
With a case study of coal fired power plants, and based on the definition of goal and scope, the emission inventory analysis and environment impact evaluation were performed for limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) technology. From the viewpoint of the whole life cycle, there exist environmental problems in limestone-gypsum WFGD, including dust, noise and ecological destruction, etc. The ecological restoration cost and the cost for harmless treatment of desulphurization gypsum and desulphurization wastewater are far higher than the FGD cost currently evaluated. Considering China’s current energy structure and environmental status, the limestone-gypsum FGD technology is not sustainable, and the flue gas recycling technology with cascade utilization should be worthy of demonstration and dissemination.
Analysis of Industrial Waste Gas SCR/SNCR Technology and Balancing of Reducing Agent Consumption
WANG Fan, TIAN Gang, WANG Hong-mei, ZHU Jin-wei, WANG Xian-feng, ZHANG Fan, lU Guang-jie, YANG Jian-hui, SANG Jian, SHI Ying-jie
2015, 5(3): 191-195. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.029
Abstract(1704) PDF(657KB)(1319)
Abstract:
The industrial waste gas NOx control technological measures at home and abroad were reviewed, the NOx emission status from key sources in China analyzed, and the ammonia consumption required for industrial waste gas denitrification estimated. The results show that the annual ammonia consumption is 3.20 million metric tons for the thermal power industry, accounting for 6.3 % of gross annual ammonia production in China, while generating 59 000 cubic meters of waste SCR DeNOx catalyst annually. The annual ammonia consumption is 0.83 million metric tons for the cement industry, accounting for 1.6 % of gross annual ammonia production. The annual ammonia consumption is 0.96 million metric tons for the industrial coal-fired boilers, sintering kilns, glass kilns and ceramic kilns, etc., accounting for 1.9 % of gross annual ammonia production. The method of recovering NOx from waste gas as the raw material for producing HNO3 was evaluated. It was estimated that 0.67 million metric tons of NOx could be reduced annually for the glass kilns and ceramic kilns, while saving 15 000 cubic meters of SCR DeNOx catalyst. About 1.65 million metric tons of nitric acid with purity of 50 % could be produced accordingly, thus relieving the serious environmental pollution problems from nitric acid industry.
Technical and Economic Analysis of Resource Recovery of Sulfur in Flue Gas
TIAN Gang, ZHANG Fan, LIU Yu, SHU Yun, WANG Xian-feng, WANG Fan
2015, 5(3): 196-199. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.030
Abstract(1839) PDF(569KB)(986)
Abstract:
China is a big sulfur resource consumption country and a big sulfur resource import country. There are quantities of sulfur resources existing in the flue gas emitted into the air which are not properly utilized. Based on the technical and economic analysis for different flue gas desulfurization methods currently available, it was suggested that recycling technology of sulfur resources in the flue gas should be promoted, so as to realize recovery and cascade utilization of the flue gas, and to reduce the total emission amount of flue gas and the emission of various pollutants.
Analysis on Development Trend of Desulfurization and Denitration Technologies for Coal-fired Flue Gas
ZHU Jin-wei, ZHANG Fan, WANG Hong-chang, WANG Fan, SHU Yun
2015, 5(3): 200-204. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.031
Abstract(1597) PDF(733KB)(1134)
Abstract:
New emission standards in various industries have been enacted to put forward higher requirements towards the desulfurization and denitration equipments. The characteristics and application prospects of the existing pollution control technologies were analyzed and summarized. It is found that the existing main desulfurization and denitration technologies have many defects, such as regional ecological environment damage, production of new solid wastes, and competition for ammonia resource with agriculture, which is not exactly fitted to the needs of China’s national conditions and pollution control requirements. Therefore, the integrated technology of desulfurization and denitration with commercialization of by-products should be the main development trend for coal-fired flue gas. The technology can manufacture sulfuric acid, nitrate and nitrogen fertilizer with SO2 and NOx in the flue gas, so as to make up for China’s shortage of sulfur resources and avoiding waste of ammonia resources, and to provide a useful supplement for the agricultural fertilizer industry.
Feasibility Analysis of Sustainable and Advanced Treatment of Glass Furnace Exhaust Gas
ZHANG Chen, YANG Li, ZHU Jin-wei, SHU Yun, CUI Yu-tao, WANG Hong-chang
2015, 5(3): 205-208. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.032
Abstract(1873) PDF(604KB)(968)
Abstract:
Glass industry is the basic industry of the national economy, and also one of the serious pollution industries. In recent years, advanced treatment has become the main development direction of the pollution control in various industries, with the increasingly stringent environmental requirements. The emission status and the control measures of pollutants in the glass industry were summarized. The difficulty of glass industry emission control and the application conditions of the existing technologies were discussed. The feasibility of the advanced treatment of glass kiln emission was proposed, based on the analysis of the pilot experimental results of the RECO technology, a total-effect, near zero- emission advanced control technology, in glass furnace.
Research of Near Zero Emission Technology in Waste Gas from Calcium Carbide Furnace
LONG Hong-yan, WANG Hong-mei, HUANG Jia-yu, DU Ji-jun, TAN Yu-ling, WANG Xian-feng
2015, 5(3): 209-213. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.034
Abstract(1827) PDF(685KB)(926)
Abstract:
As the basic chemical industry in China, calcium carbide industry is a high energy-consuming and high polluting industry. Due to its characteristics of the waste gas of calcium carbide furnace, it is difficult to be purified and thus the huge amount of gases and dusts has brought about serious environmental problems. It was illustrated that the high-temperature waste gas from the calcium carbide furnace was passed into the lime kiln as flue for roasting the lime, and then the exhaust gas from the lime kiln was used for coke drying before being drawn forth to the power plant to utilize its latent heat. Most of the pollutants were burned and wiped out, and then the waste gas was conducted into the smoke control system to remove the rest pollutants. Near zero emission could be realized by using this technology for calcium carbide industry.
The Levels of Emissions Control Technology Needs Direction Analysis
Analysis of Requirement Direction of Waste Gas Volume Reduction Control Technologies
SHU Yun, ZHANG Fan, HUANG Jia-yu, WANG Hong-chang, ZHU Jin-wei, WANG Hong-mei, TIAN Gang, DENG Shuang, DU Ji-jun
2015, 5(3): 214-219. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.034
Abstract(1428) PDF(808KB)(1297)
Abstract:
Recently, PM2.5 pollution is serious in China and haze weather occurs frequently, which causes great harm to the environment and human living. The waste gas volume reduction is one of the important ways of controlling PM2.5 pollution. By introducing the existing waste gas volume reduction control measurements at home and abroad, the requirement direction of waste gas volume reduction control technologies in the cement, steel and other industries were proposed in terms of waste gas recycling and cascade utilization. It was found that the emissions in waste gas volume, SO2, NOx and dust could be reduced greatly by the waste gas volume reduction control technologies. This would be beneficial to the pollution abatement of the PM2.5 pollution. It was suggested that a feasibility analysis on waste gas volume reduction control technologies for relative industries should be made, and that the researches and demonstrations of the waste gas recycling and cascade utilization technologies be encouraged to carry out.
Review of Waste Gas Volume Reduction Technologies to Decrease Emission of Pollutants
LIU Yu, WANG Hong-mei, ZHANG Fan, TIAN Gang, DENG Shuang, WANG Xiang-feng
2015, 5(3): 220-226. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.035
Abstract(1565) PDF(1141KB)(1132)
Abstract:
Coal consumption is the main source of SO2, NOx and particulate matter emissions, and half the world's coal combustion is in China, leading to huge emission of waste gas volume and pollutants. Although the emission standards have been gradually stricter in related industries, under the same emission standard limits, the total emissions of various pollutants are determined by the waste gas volumes. The technologies of waste gas volume reduction including waste gas recycling and cascade utilization in cement industry and iron and steel industry were introduced in detail. Also, the potential of waste gas volume reduction was analyzed. The results showed that the reduction in waste gas volume could significantly reduce the total pollutant emissions, which should provide a new strategy to realize advanced pollutant emission reduction and to prevent and control the haze problem.
Potential Analysis of Industrial Waste Gas Recycling in CO2 Emission Reduction
DU Ji-jun, TIAN Gang, TAN Yu-ling, LONG Hong-yan, ZHANG Fan, SHI Ying-jie
2015, 5(3): 227-232. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.036
Abstract(1668) PDF(745KB)(919)
Abstract:
There was significant correlation between China’s industrial waste gas emission and carbon emission, and it is necessary to further study the waste gas emission reduction which is the important approach and key breakthrough point to realize carbon emission reduction. A carbon emission reduction calculation method was set up for the waste heat utilization, the waste pressure utilization and the recycling of waste gas with heat value based on the energy balance principle. The current technologies of waste gas recycling of sintering machine, cement kiln cooperative treatment of domestic wastes and municipal sludge, and exhaust gas cascade utilization of electrolytic aluminum industry to coal-fired power plants were introduced. The corresponding carbon emission reductions by waste gas recycling in these industries were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the industrial waste gas recycling technologies could reduce emission of waste gas volume and thus reduce emission of CO2, contributing to almost 25% of the total carbon emission reduction in China. The technologies should play an important role in waste gas emission and CO2 emission reduction, and be the important approach to realize carbon emission reduction target in 2020. Therefore, the development of the waste gas recycling technologies should be strengthened.
Analysis of Waste Gas Volume Reduction Potential in Iron and Steel Industry
TAN Yu-ling, LIU Yu, HUANG Jia-yu, SHU Yun, DU Ji-jun, LONG Hong-yan, WANG Xian-feng
2015, 5(3): 233-236. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.037
Abstract(1733) PDF(560KB)(842)
Abstract:
At present, there are few applications of exhaust gas volume reduction technologies in iron and steel process, mainly being the sintering exhaust recycling technology. According to the characteristics of exhaust gas from iron and steel enterprises, such as waste gas components, last volume, temperature, oxygen content and heat value, two waste gas volume reduction technologies were put forward. One is to put the exhaust gas from raw material yard into lime kiln process to serve as the cooling air for vertical cooler, and the other is to transport the secondary high-temperature waste gas from converter to hot blast stove as combustion air. The waste gas volume reduction potential of the two kinds of technologies was analyzed respectively. The results showed that if the above technologies were widely applied in iron and steel industry, an annual reduction of 7.703×1011 cubic meters of waste gas volume, an annual reduction of 1.54×104 tonnes of dust emission, and a saving of 3.58×106 tonnes of standard coal consumption can realized.
Research on Requirements of Air Pollution Control Technology Efficiency for Waste Gas Volume Reduction
WANG Xian-feng, SHU Yun, LIU Yu, TIAN Gang, TAN Yu-ling, LONG Hong-yan, DENG Shuang
2015, 5(3): 237-240. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.038
Abstract(1822) PDF(547KB)(777)
Abstract:
The haze has become a major air pollution problem in China currently, and the waste gas volume reduction is an effective way to eliminate haze pollution. The present situations of the waste gas volume reduction at home and abroad were reviewed. On this base, the impacts of the waste gas volume reduction on the pollutant emission concentration were analyzed. Finally, the requirements of air pollution control technology efficiency were proposed for the waste gas volume reduction. Dust removal efficiency is 99.95%, desulf urzation efficiency is 97.5%, and deNOx efficiency is 75%.
Analysis of Waste Gas Volume and Pollutants Reduction Potential for Cement Industry in China
WANG Hong-mei, LIU Yu, WANG Fan, DU Ji-jun, ZHANG Fan, SHI Ying-jie
2015, 5(3): 241-246. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.039
Abstract(1748) PDF(882KB)(952)
Abstract:
Cement industry yields a large air pollution emission including particulate matters. As the particulate concentration limits in the industrial emission standard has been very strict, it leaves smaller and smaller space to further reduce the pollutant emission by setting stricter standard limits. Therefore, the emission reduction by standard has been difficult to make cement industry to achieve a higher reduction target. There are several processes in cement production that emit waste gases. Under the same emission standard limits, the total emissions of various pollutants will be determined by the total waste gas volumes of various kinds. Through case studies, it was shown that the kiln end afterwinds could be recycled to reduce the primary air ratio in kiln end coal feeding and the coal-feeding fan air volume in calcining combustors, so as to realize reduction of high-temperature waste gas volume. The cement kiln end low-temperature waste heat could be used to dry materials and thus realize reduction of waste gas volume in low-temperature drying. The room-temperature exhaust gas could be used as pulverized coal combustion air in cement kiln ends and calcining combustors and thus realize reduction of the room-temperature waste gas volume. The reduction amount of pollutants including particulates through waste gas volume reduction was further analyzed. This research could provide a new way of thinking for cement industry to carry out advanced pollutant emission reduction
The Levels of Emissions Control Technology Management System
Analysis of Management Mechanism of Waste Gas Volume Reduction and Its Supporting Advanced Control Technologies
HUANG Jia-yu, SHU Yun, ZHANG Fan, WANG Hong-mei, WANG Hong-chang, DU Ji-jun, TAN Yu-ling, LONG Hong-yan
2015, 5(3): 247-252. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.03.040
Abstract(1863) PDF(891KB)(1003)
Abstract:
The current management status of waste gas volume reduction and its supporting advanced control technologies both at home and abroad was analyzed. According to China’s actual situations, the management mechanism of waste gas volume reduction and its supporting advanced control technology was proposed, which was built up by means of legal policy management instruments as well as specific management measures. The legal policy management instruments were established on the bases of environmental laws, regulations and standards, emission permit and trading system of waste gas volume, economic incentive mechanism, industry technical guidelines and specifications and technical support mechanism. The specific management measures were established on the bases of energy consumption construction, power unit, production unit, living unit and emission reduction by structural adjustment, considering the energy consumption structure of China. Also, the environmental benefits of waste gas volume reduction were estimated primarily.

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