2020 Vol. 10, No. 5

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2020 Vol.10, No.5
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2020, 10(5): .
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Abstract:
Comprehensive governance of urban black and odorous water bodies in China: problem analysis, treatment ideas and measures
GAO Hongjie, YUAN Peng, LIU Ruixia
2020, 10(5): 691-695. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200105
Abstract(1158) PDF(1427KB)(355)
Abstract:
With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase of pollutant discharges in China, the pollution load of water body in many cities have exceeded the natural self-purification capacity of water bodies, resulting in the deterioration of water quality, or even the occurrence of black and odorous water bodies. The urban black and odorous water bodies, as current water environment issue in China, have aroused a strong public concern. The State Council and relevant departments attached great importance to it and had successively issued a series of policies and documents, which put forward clear targets and directions for the comprehensive governance of urban black and odorous water bodies. The background and significance for the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in the urban area of China were introduced and the causes and pollution sources of the black and odorous water bodies analyzed from the aspects of point source, non-point source, endogenous and hydrodynamic conditions, etc. Based on the problem analysis and combined with the goal of “addressing both the symptom and the root cause”, the overall idea and technical route for the treatment of black and odorous water bodies were proposed. The overall consideration of the treatment measures for black and odorous water bodies were provided, including pollution source control, pollution interception, endogenous treatment, quality assurance of living water, ecological restoration, and supervision and management, which played an important reference role in accelerating the governance of nationwide black and odorous water bodies and further achieving the treatment targets.
Treatment and ecological restoration of black and odorous water body in Yueya Lake in Nanjing City
YUAN Peng, XU Liankui, KE Baoling, SUN Fei, GAO Hongjie
2020, 10(5): 696-701. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200111
Abstract(825) PDF(10230KB)(230)
Abstract:
Yueya Lake is one of main rivers in the main urban area of Nanjing City. Before the treatment, there were some problems, such as incomplete treatment of pollution sources, serious deterioration of water quality and damage of water ecosystem, which eventually made the water body black and stinky. To eliminate the black odor and improve the water quality, engineering and technical measures were implemented, including diversion of rainwater and sewage, endogenous treatment, construction of water ecosystem induced by Daphnia magna and “underwater forest”. The pollution source control, pollution interception, endogenous treatment and restoration of water ecosystem were carried out, and the management mechanisms were innovated, such as delicacy management, information supervision and strengthening public participation. The results showed that the water quality of Yueya Lake had been improved significantly with the main indicators such as ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen reaching Class Ⅳ standard of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (GB 3838-2002), and the water transparency increasing to more than 1 m. The water ecosystem of Yueya Lake had been restored, presenting a macrophytic lake, showing smooth drainage, clear water and green river bank and harmonious scene. To ensure water clean of Yueya Lake in the long period, the operation, maintenance and management of the system should be further strengthened, and the long-term management mechanism be implemented.
Comprehensive treatment of urban black and odorous water bodies in southern cities: a case study of Zhupai River e section (Nakao River) in Nanning City
LI Bin, LIU Dong, LIU Ruixia, WEI Ganjie, QIN Dequan, WAN Chengren
2020, 10(5): 702-710. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200107
Abstract(652) PDF(12481KB)(124)
Abstract:
Zhupai River e section (Nakao River Basin) was a typical urban black and odorous water body in Nanning City which was in dire need of governance. The water pollution characteristics of Nakao River were analyzed and the main sources of pollution were recognized. In view of the problems such as the inflow of sewage and initial rainwater into the river, the siltation of river sediment, the lack of ecological base flow and the serious degradation of river water ecosystem, the measures of controlling sources and cutting off pollution, cleaning up internal sources, maintaining the quality of living water and ecological restoration for comprehensive treatment of Nakao River were put forward. The ecological revetment technology of “water purification terraces” suitable for the basin was developed according to the local conditions, so as to carry out multi-stage purification of overflow or runoff rainwater. The construction model of government and social capital cooperation (PPP) + pay-for-performance was adopted. After treatment, the river water quality improved steadily and achieved Grade Ⅳ of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards(GB 3838-2002), the ecological benefit was remarkable, and the surrounding residential and commercial water environment improved significantly.
Typical case analysis of the black and odorous water body treatment of Mantang River in Shenyang City
LU Jinxia, PENG Shuai, SUN Tan, LIU Zhenxin, SONG Nannan, LIU Xiaoling
2020, 10(5): 711-718. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200112
Abstract(574) PDF(13161KB)(137)
Abstract:
The Mantang River was a typical black and odorous water body in Shenyang City, and a typical seasonal river in Northeast China. Its water quality directly affects the life of residents on both sides of the river and also affects the water quality of the Hunhe River. In recent years, the pollution problems of the Mantang River had been basically solved, the water quality and water environment had been significantly improved through comprehensive measures such as control of the pollution sources, interception of pollution, treatment of endogenous pollution, ecological restoration and long-term management measures. Taking the Mantang River as an example, on the basis of analyzing the sources of main pollutants and existing problems, the overall treatment scheme, targets and measures of the Mantang River were mainly introduced. Then, the typical treatment technologies and experiences of the black and odorous water body of the Mantang River were summarized. In addition, the results of the Mantang River before and after treatment were comprehensively compared in order to provide reference for the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in northeast China.
Case analysis on the treatment of black and odorous water body in Shuanggangchong River, Guangzhou City
AO Demu, SUN Fei, FENG Qingbiao, LI Xiaojie, LI Bin, YANG Fang
2020, 10(5): 719-725. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200106
Abstract(582) PDF(8201KB)(142)
Abstract:
Guangzhou City has made positive progress in the treatment of urban black and odorous water bodies and obtained some advanced experiences and typical cases. Taking the Shuanggangchong River in Guangzhou City as an example of the remediation of black and odorous water bodies, three aspects of water environmental problems identification, remediation ideas and measures, as well as the remediation effectiveness were summarized and analyzed. To address the problems such as ineffective interception of sewage in Shuanggangchong River Watershed, serious pollution of small and micro water bodies, the encroachment of river channels, and the lack of management, a technical route of source control, pollution interception, dredging, water replenishment, and management was proposed for the implementation of black and odorous water body treatment. Among them, a technology of Daphnia magna inducing aquatic ecosystems construction was used for the restoration of 3 fish ponds around the Shuanggangchong River, constructing an Daphnia magna+submerged plants+microorganisms symbiotic system for water quality purification and restoration of a natural aquatic ecosystem. After the remediation of the Shuanggangchong River, the black and odorous water body was eliminated and the river features of Lingnan-water-town were also restored.
Case study on the treatment of black and odorous water body of Qicai Lake in Guiyang City
WANG Fan, PAN Jun, LIU Danni, WEI Yimei, PENG Wenbo, WEI Wenchang, BAI Yangwei
2020, 10(5): 726-732. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200108
Abstract(580) PDF(6760KB)(166)
Abstract:
Qicai Lake in Guiyang City was selected as a typical case of the treatment of black and odorous water body in karst landform area in south China, the main water environmental problems, treatment measures, typical treatment technologies and treatment effects were introduced. Qicai Lake was identified as heavy-level black and odorous water body before treatment, due to insufficient sewage collection capacity, random stacking of household garbage, serious sediment deposition and so on. In order to solve these problems, Guiyang City proposed governance strategies of source pollution control, pollution interception, internal source treatment, fresh water supply and circulation, ecological restoration, landscape building, and the integrated wastewater treatment technology based on sludge sediment grit oil (SSgo) solid-liquid quick separation technology and fluidized bed biological reactor (FBBR) in the tank, habitat creation and ecological restoration technology, and the living water cycle quality extraction technology were used to carry out the renovation. Good environmental, economic and social effects had been achieved after restoration of Qicai Lake.
Comprehensive treatment for black and odorous water body: a case study of Meishe River in Haikou City
LI Xiaojie, LIU Ruixia, AO Demu, SUN Fei, GAO Hongjie
2020, 10(5): 733-739. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200109
Abstract(621) PDF(8800KB)(164)
Abstract:
The main causes of the black and odorous of the Meishe River, the mother river of Haikou City, and the remediation engineering measures were described, and the treatment effectiveness of the black and odorous water body was summarized. Due to the weak municipal infrastructure, there were many problems such as direct discharge of the sewage along the Meishe River, wrong or mixed connection of rain and sewage pipes, and overflow pollution in combined drainage system, which resulted in the black and odorous water body all year around. Since 2015, Haikou City had carried out black and odorous water bodies treatment for Meishe River, which had taken the watershed as a unit, following the advanced concepts of “Sponge city” and “Ecological river”, and three-steps principle of source control and pollution interception, internal source control, and ecological restoration. In terms of source control and interception of pollution, combined discharge pipes and sewage interception pipelines were installed for a total of 7.2 km long, and three integrated sewage treatment facilities were newly constructed, increasing sewage treatment capacity by 7 500 m3/d. In terms of pollution control of internal source, the dredging by the excavator combined with cutter suction dredging boat was performed to remove the contaminated sediments. For ecological restoration, the environmental restoration agent was used to improve the sediment matrix, 360 000 m2of submerged vegetation was planted, two rubber dams with 1.0 m×22 m were built and water environmental restoration agent was dosed in the whole water area. In addition, the cascade subsurface flow wetlands were constructed in the Meishe River for enhancing the treatment effect and creating a good landscape. By taking the above comprehensive measures, the black odor of Meishe River was eliminated in 2017.
Case analysis on the treatment of black and odorous water body in Licun River, Qingdao City
SUN Fei, GAO Shulian, YUAN Peng, ZHANG Xiaofeng, ZHANG Yingjie
2020, 10(5): 740-745. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200110
Abstract(549) PDF(7457KB)(158)
Abstract:
The Licun River basin was the largest river system in the downtown area of Qingdao and the largest river crossing the city. The weak infrastructure, prominent urban non-point source pollution, inadequate long-term mechanism, low ecological stability of the river channel and poor environmental awareness of residents along the river had caused black and odorous problem in the Licun River all the year round. Since 2016, the Licun River had been comprehensively rehabilitated from five aspects, i.e. source control and pollution interception, endogenous pollution control, ecological restoration, maintaining the living water quality, and long-term management mechanism. The main measures included upgrading of sewage treatment plants, diversion of rainwater and sewage pipelines, garbage removal and transportation, silt dredging, ecological restoration and water replenishment, and establishment of river management mechanism, etc. In the process of ecological water replenishment and water regulation and storage of the Licun River, laying of reclaimed water pipeline without excavation at the bottom of the Licun River was innovatively carried out, by incorporating the trenchless directional drilling crossing technology of the pipeline. After the regulation of Licun River basin, the black and odorous water body was eliminated, and the Licun River had been built into an ecological landscape corridor integrating the functions of leisure, fitness and ecological adjustment, with perennial water, clean water and green banks.
70 years’ governance process of Huaihe River and the prospect of the 14th Five-Year Plan period
YU Ziping, XU Qiujin, WEI Jian, HU Shugang, LI Aimin, XIE Xianchuan, SONG Yonghui
2020, 10(5): 746-757. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200011
Abstract(611) PDF(4053KB)(151)
Abstract:
The Huaihe River is China’s first large river to carry out comprehensive and systematic governance. The drought and flood disasters, the water pollution incidents and governance and management measures in the Huaihe River Basin since the founding of New China were combed and analyzed, and the governance process of the Huaihe River was divided into three stages. In the first stage (1949-1978), there were frequent droughts and floods, drought resistance and flood control and other water conservancy projects were carried out mainly following the “storage and drainage” strategy. In the second stage (1979-2005), the economy developed rapidly, the water quality deteriorated seriously, and with the idea of improving flood control standards and strong control of pollution sources, joint management of drought and flood disasters and water pollution was carried out. In the third stage (from 2006 to present), the Huaihe River was listed in the special treatment program by the state, and under the guidance of the ideas of source control, discharge reduction, reduction and rehabilitation, comprehensive regulation, the systematic governance of water pollution was carried out. Compared with 1990s, the water quality of the Huaihe River had been improved significantly. The proportion of Grade V and inferior Grade V water of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (GB 3838-2002) had dropped to 12.2%, and the proportion of excellent and good water quality had increased significantly. However, the situation of water pollution was still serious, and there were many problems such as great pressure of water pollution and serious damage to water ecology. The Huaihe River still has a long way to go for governance. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, efforts should be made to continuously promote the water pollution control in Huaihe River Basin by strengthening the systematic treatment of pollution sources, promoting the restoration of the ecological integrity of the river basin, and improving the regulation and management capabilities of the river basin.
Watershed pollution source analysis based on receptor model and control unit division: taking Zhangjiakou section of Yongding River as an example
ZHAO Hanyan, ZHAO Rui, SUN Yuanyuan, ZHENG Mingxia, SU Jing, FU Xuemei, DING Hongyu
2020, 10(5): 758-768. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200008
Abstract(418) PDF(6545KB)(106)
Abstract:
In order to identify the main sources of water pollution in Zhangjiakou section of the Yongding River, and to determine the key control industries and priority control units of the basin, the receptor model was combined with the control unit division to establish the analysis method of pollution sources in the basin. Based on the water system distribution, administrative divisions and digital elevation model (DEM) data, the study area was divided into 16 control units. Cluster analysis was used to analyze the spatial characteristics of the water quality and pollution sources. Factor analysis and absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model were used to identify the source of pollution and calculate the contribution rate. The results showed that, according to the degree of water pollution, the study area could be classified into area A (middle and lower reaches of the Yang River and the Qingshui River) with heavy pollution, and area B (upper reaches of the Yang River and the Qingshui River and the entire Sanggan River) with light pollution. Area A was mainly affected by the mixture of industrial point sources and non-point sources. The contribution rate of industrial point sources was 43%, and that of agricultural plant pollution was 44%. Area B was mainly polluted by non-point sources. The main pollution was sewage from rural life and tourism (30%), agricultural planting (18%), and livestock breeding (17%). According to the spatial characteristics of pollution sources, the key control industries in area A were metallurgical and food manufacturing, and that in area B were mining and food manufacturing. Besides, the control units No.2 and 3 covering Yangyuan County, No.5 covering northern Zhuolu County and northern Yu County, and No.14 covering Wanquan County were identified as priority prevention and control units of source pollution. The research showed that the method combined source analysis with control unit division can reflect the spatial differentiation characteristics of the water quality and improve the source analysis ability.
Practice and thinking about the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland ecological conservation and restoration in Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province
ZHU Zhenxiao, WANG Xiahui, ZHANG Xiao, XU Kaipeng, HUANG Jin, YU Yang, MOU Xuejie
2020, 10(5): 769-778. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190187
Abstract(808) PDF(8164KB)(213)
Abstract:
Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, the location of the largest hydropower station in the world, is a key node in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It is a key ecological function area of soil and water conservation in Three Gorges Area of China, with significant role of ecological function. In view of the problems such as excessive total phosphorus in some sections of the mainstream and tributaries of the Yangtze River Basin, enclosure of the Yangtze River by chemical industries, degradation of ecosystem functions, destruction of ecological environment by abandoned mines, destruction of habitats of rare and endangered species, and unsound mechanism for ecological protection and rehabilitation, the implementation route of ecological protection and restoration project of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grasses (MRFFLG) was put forward, with the overall goal of ensuring that “one river flows clear water to the east”. By taking the mainstream and tributaries of the Yangtze River as the meridians, and MRFFLG as an organic system, and optimizing the spatial layout, the Three Gorges area was divided into 11 ecological conservation and restoration areas. 6 types of measures were implemented coordinately, including water environment treatment of the basin, comprehensive regulation of chemical industries and ecological restoration of the Yangtze River shoreline, ecological restoration of abandoned mines, comprehensive land rehabilitation, restoration of important ecosystems and biodiversity protection, and regional ecological protection and restoration mechanism innovation. In addition, an ecological restoration engineering system was built based classification and zoning, the cross-regional and cross-department ecological restoration long-term mechanism was innovated, the ecological restoration model of Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze River was actively explored, and the regional green high-quality development in the area was promoted. These practices and experience could provide reference for other regions.
Research and practice of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland system in Nanling mountains area, northern Guangdong Province
SHAO Shang, WANG Guang, LIAO Lei, LI Haidong, HUANG Guolong
2020, 10(5): 779-785. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190218
Abstract(659) PDF(7190KB)(192)
Abstract:
Nanling mountains area in northern Guangdong Province is the main water conservation area in the Pearl River Delta region of China and an important ecological barrier in South China. Based on the concept of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland (MRFFLG) system is a life community”, in view of the eco-environment problems of mine and soil environment, water conservation and biodiversity protection, basin water environment protection and management, environmental security guarantee and ecological development, the ecological protection and restoration goals of green hills and clear waters, surrounded by forest belts, green lakes and fields, beautiful city and human conditions were proposed. Based on the premise of spatial control and with the general ideas of overall protection, system restoration, comprehensive treatment and emphasizing problem’s guidance, the corresponding 17 projects in four categories were designed. Since the implementation of the program, it had achieved remarkable results in the aspects of recovering the mine eco-environment, improving the safe utilization rate of cultivated land, stabilizing the standard rate of drinking water quality, enhancing the stability of regional ecosystem and improving the ecological environment. It was suggested that the following research should be focused on analyzing the difference characteristics of ecological elements of the MRFFLG system, improving the spatial allocation of natural resource elements and ecological compensation mechanism, summarizing pilot experiences and exploring new management and operation models.
Valuation of ecosystem services in Three-River Headwaters Region from 2000 to 2015
LI Fujie, SUN Qianying, WANG Shixi, ZHAO Yangchen, MA Huan, JI Wei
2020, 10(5): 786-797. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200059
Abstract(433) PDF(22553KB)(56)
Abstract:
The quantitative evaluation of ecosystem services is the basis of ecosystem services management, which is of great significance to the construction of ecological civilization, such as asset management of natural resources and ecological compensation. Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) is an important ecological security barrier in China. The evaluation of ecosystem services in this region and its value clarification are helpful to improve their ecological environment protection. Based on satellite remote sensing images, ground-based ecological monitoring data, statistical data, The TRHR’s ecosystem services such as hydrological regulation, water supply, soil conservation, ecological carbon sequestration and species conservation were assessed over the period from 2000 to 2015. The results showed that in the past 15 years, with the increasing efforts of the ecological environment protection and construction, its ecosystem services had been improved as a whole. Ecosystem service value increased from 480.558 billion yuan in 2000 to 537.979 billion yuan in 2015, with an increase of 12.5%. The ecological service value per area was 1.22 million yuan/km2 in 2000, 1.23 million yuan/km2 in 2005, 1.41 million yuan/km2 in 2010 and 1.36 million yuan/km2 in 2015, respectively. Compared with 2000, the ecosystem services value of about 55.5% area of TRHR increased significantly in 2015, while about 42.4% area had no obvious change and only about 2.1% area decreased significantly.
Assessment of economic and environmental coordination development degree in the “Two Mountains” Base: a case study of Ninghai County in Zhejiang Province
JI Rongting, CHEN Mei, CHENG Hu, ZHANG Longjiang
2020, 10(5): 798-805. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190211
Abstract(473) PDF(1057KB)(93)
Abstract:
Scientific evaluation of the coordinated development degree of economy and environment is an effective way to realize regional sustainable development. Presently, there lack researches on national “Two Mountains” Bases which have ecological priority but small evaluation scale. Taking Ninghai County in Zhejiang Province as an example, 8 primary indicators and 32 secondary indicators closely related to economic and environmental conditions were selected to establish the evaluation index system of coordinated development of economy and environment. The coordinated development level of economy and environment in Ninghai County from 2006 to 2017 was evaluated based on the coupling coordination degree model, and its evolution law was analyzed. The results indicated that the comprehensive development index of economic development subsystem and environment subsystem in Ninghai County showed a fluctuating upward trend during the research period, and the comprehensive development level of environment was higher than the comprehensive development level of economy. The coordinated development level of Ninghai County could be divided into three stages: at the first stage in 2006-2009, the degree of coordinated development was relatively low and on the verge of maladjustment and recession; at the second stage from 2010 to 2011, the degree increased steadily to barely coordinated; at the third stage in 2012-2017, the degree was steadily improved, from primary to intermediate and then to good and superior coordinated development.
Sustainable management of Shennongjia National Park based on tourism ecological footprint
GONG Xinyu, HUANG Baorong, ZHANG Conglin, HUANG Kai
2020, 10(5): 806-813. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200016
Abstract(384) PDF(1591KB)(133)
Abstract:
National parks not only protect the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, but also have recreational functions. To study the impact of national parks recreational activities on the environment, Shennongjia National Park was taken as an example, and the questionnaires and field surveys were used to obtain data. The ecological footprint of tourism transportation, tourism catering, tourism accommodation, tourism shopping, and entertainment, as well as the total tourism ecological footprint were calculated based on the tourism ecological footprint method, and the impact of tourism activities on the national park was analyzed. The results showed that in 2017, the ecological footprints of tourism transportation, tourism catering, tourism accommodation, and tourism shopping and entertainment in Shennongjia National Park were 1 539.344, 14 786.580, 4 991.900 and 48.431 hm2, respectively, the total tourism ecological footprint was 22 883.200 hm2, and the per capita tourism ecological footprint was 9.614×10-3 hm2. The activities that contributed significantly to the tourism ecological footprint were catering and accommodation, accounting for 64.62% and 21.81%, respectively. It was suggested that Shennongjia National Park should pay attention to the sustainable management of tourism catering and accommodation activities, and detailed management measures were proposed such as using low-energy transportation tools, improving the utilization efficiency of various resources such as accommodation and catering,increasing the number of passenger trains between scenic spots in the national park, and promoting the publicity and education of park-related environmental protection knowledge.
Distribution of fog and haze in Langfang and difference of wind field when coexisting with heavy polluted weather
XU Min, LI Jiangbo, ZHOU Yudu, ZHANG Shaohui
2020, 10(5): 814-822. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200001
Abstract(393) PDF(10742KB)(44)
Abstract:
By using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data(1°×1°),wind profiler radar data, meteorological observation data, and environmental monitoring data, fog and haze distribution of Langfang from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed, and vertical wind field structure in fog and haze of air quality index (AQI) reaching heavy pollution was studied in depth. The results showed that the average annual number of haze days (47 d) in Langfang was more than that of fog days (31 d), and the spatial distribution was different to some extent. The monthly difference of haze was more significant than that of fog. Regional fog could occur all year round, reaching the peak in October, while haze was concentrated in autumn and winter, and the maximum number of haze days was in January. When AQI was greater than 200, the pollution level of fog was heavier than that of haze, with AQI daily average being 43 higher, the average surface wind speed 0.5 m/s lower, and the relative humidity about twenty-five percent higher. In fog, the surface wind was mainly calm or southeast wind, while in haze, it was mainly east-southeast wind. In the case of heavy pollution with fog, the low altitude was the west-southwest wind, while the heavy pollution with haze was mainly the northeast wind. In the case of fog or haze, there was a relatively small wind velocity layer in the lower space of 1 500 m (about 850 hPa).When the wind speed increased to 6-10 m/s below 3 000 m, it had a favorable effect on the diffusion of air pollutants. The greater the wind speed of the northwest wind, the lower the height, the more obvious the diffusion effect.
Composition characteristics of atmospheric VOCs and the influence on ozone formation in an industrial cluster area
CHENG Xiang, ZHAO Jifeng, XIAO Yang, LI Siyuan, SUN Youmin, YANG Xue, ZHANG Guiqin
2020, 10(5): 823-830. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190209
Abstract(385) PDF(2381KB)(149)
Abstract:
The concentrations of 59 VOCs species in the atmosphere of industrial cluster area in Zibo City was detected using VOCs online rapid continuous automatic monitoring system. The results indicated that the average VOCs concentration was (130.74±63.42)×10-9(volume fraction, the same all the article) during the observation period. The order of volume fraction of each VOCs species was alkanes (41.17%±17.67%),alkenes (34.22%±23.79%),sulphur-containing VOCs (12.20%±20.83%),aromatics (6.70%±10.39%),alkyne (5.75%±6.49%). Alkenes VOCs, especially ethylene, cis-2-butene and propylene, had the highest activity, and had the highest photochemical reactivity. Two typical periods with different VOCs and O3 concentrations were selected to estimate the frontier orbital energy difference between the detected sulphur-containing VOCs and ·OH by quantum chemical molecular simulation. Sulfur-containing VOCs(methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide) were more likely to cause chain reactions with ·OH. The effects of VOCs components on ozone formation were analyzed in the two periods, which showed that when the concentrations of alkenes and aromatics were not high, ozone was still at a high level due to the increase of sulphur-containing VOCs concentration, and sulphur-containing VOCs became the main contributors of ozone in the atmosphere. According to the sensitivity of VOCs/NOx, it was found that ozone formation in Zibo City was sensitive to VOCs during the observation period, and Zibo City belonged to VOCs control area.
Influencing factors of sequencing batch anaerobic baffle reactor for the treatment of disperse piggery washing wastewater
SHEN Zhiqiang, MA Xiaolei, DONG Jing, XIAO Yu, ZHOU Yuexi, WU Fuping
2020, 10(5): 831-836. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190219
Abstract(355) PDF(1161KB)(84)
Abstract:
The sequencing batch anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR, device B) was studied for treating washing wastewater of scattered piggery for its feather of intermittent discharge. The effects of COD load, washing times, influent time and temperature on the treatment performance of device B were investigated and compared with continuous operation ABR (device A). The results showed that device B was more sensitive to influent water rather than influent COD. Compared with device A, device B could afford lower COD load, while the removal rate of COD was 76.2%, 77.3%, 86.0% and 85.4%, when the average COD load was 1.03, 2.06, 1.39 and 1.82 kg/(m3·d),respectively. The treatment capacity of SB-ABR was improved by increasing the washing times to twice a day, while it had no influence by prolonging the influent time to 2 h. The performance of ABR could be seriously influenced by low temperature. The removal of COD by SB-ABR decreased from 75.8% to 60.0%, when the temperature fell from 17 ℃ to 15 ℃.
Adsorption characteristics and influencing factors of cucurbit[6] uril for dye eosin Y from printing and dying wastewater
LIU Yongde, MA Lin, SUN Xuzhuo, ZHAO Hailiang, LI Bo, WAN Dongjin, XIAO Shuhu
2020, 10(5): 837-844. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200019
Abstract(294) PDF(1743KB)(22)
Abstract:
The adsorption characteristics of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) for the typical dye eosin in printing and dyeing wastewater were investigated. The effects of initial pH, adsorbent dosage and co-existing ions on the adsorption effect were studied, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the adsorption removal efficiency was 79.5% after 2 hours when the initial concentration of eosin Y (EY) was 20 mg/L at 25 ℃ and the dosage of CB[6] was 0.5 g/L, and the adsorption kinetics characteristics was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The Langmuir isotherm model had higher correlation coefficient than Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated using Langmuir model was 413.05 mg/g, and with the increase of the temperature, the maximum adsorption capacity of CB[6] decreased, indicating that the adsorption process of CB[6] was exothermic. As the initial pH of the solution increased from 3 to 11, the adsorption capacity decreased from 33.28 mg/g to 9.14 mg/g. The adverse effects of coexisting anions on adsorption were in the order of PO3-4>CO2-3>NO-2>NO-3. CB[6] was recyclable and retained 84.9% adsorption capacity of the original material after 3 times of regeneration using Fenton reagent. The samples were characterized by BET,1H NMR, IR and SEM. The electrostatic potential distribution map of CB[6] was analyzed by the density functional theory (DFT), which revealed that the possible adsorption principle of CB[6] was that the “waist” of CB[6] and the hydrolysate of EY in the form of anions generated electrostatic attraction, thus forming a supramolecular outsourcing package.
Study on the effect of electrochemical technology on removing inorganic nitrogen from tail water of mariculture
YIN Xiaoya, QIAO Yanlong, JIA Lei, ZHOU Minghua, LIU Kefeng, WANG Qunshan
2020, 10(5): 845-852. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190222
Abstract(405) PDF(1199KB)(54)
Abstract:
In order to study the electrochemical technology on removing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in mariculture tail water, the tail water from a mariculture plant in Yangjiabo Town in Tianjin was chosen as the research object. The effects of voltage, electrode plate spacing and electrochemical treatment time on the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite were investigated by using dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) electrode and intermittent flow treatment mode, and the energy consumption was analyzed. The results showed that the ammonia nitrogen removal rate reached 96.0% and the energy consumption was only 0.079 kW·h/g when the electrode plate spacing was 2 cm, the voltage was 3 V and the electrochemical treatment time was 5 min. Under the condition of electrode plate spacing of 3 cm, voltage of 3 V and electrochemical treatment time of 7 min, the removal rate of nitrite was the highest, reaching 98.9%. The minimum energy consumption for nitrite removal was 0.032 kW·h/g, and the removal rate was 75.2%. The total inorganic nitrogen in the tail water reached the first-level discharge standard of Water Drainage Standard for Sea water Mariculture (SC/T 9103-2007) after electrochemical treatment in 14 groups in the designed experiment. In conclusion, the electrochemical technology had a good removal effect on ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite was high under different test conditions, and the energy consumption was low.
Study on the treatment effect of a small black and odorous river by MABR and microbial inoculant
YANG Yue, ZHONG Huizhou
2020, 10(5): 853-859. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200014
Abstract(597) PDF(3213KB)(209)
Abstract:
The composite technology formed by the combination of single technologies has been widely used in the treatment of black and odorous rivers. A composite microbial technology combining membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) and microbial inoculant was proposed and applied to the actual treatment on a small black odorous river. The results showed that after 61 days of commissioning, the transparency, ORP and DO concentration increased, the ammonia nitrogen concentrations and COD decreased, although the water quality repeated ups and downs during the commissioning operation. The Transparency and ORP dropped while ammonia nitrogen concentrations and COD rebounded during rains, and water quality returned to normal after 7 days, which meant that the composite technology had a certain impact resistance capacity. After 6 weeks of stable operation, the transparency, ORP and DO concentration of the river increased by 157%, 57% and 308%, respectively, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations and COD decreased by 65.0% and 71.4%, respectively, thus eliminating the black and odor of the river. This composite microbial technology presented a good effect on the engineering of eliminating the black and odor and the system could last for a long time, but the ability to improve the water quality was limited. To improve the river water quality to surface water environmental quality standards, the systematic, ecological and intelligent comprehensive control measures should be further promoted.
Research progress of aging simulation of black carbons (BCs) in soils/sediments
HU Xinyi, XU Weijian, SHI Keke, LOU Liping
2020, 10(5): 860-870. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190221
Abstract(363) PDF(2958KB)(118)
Abstract:
Black carbons (BCs) are carbon continua formed by incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass. They are widely distributed in soils and sediments and play important roles in migration and transformation of biogenic elements or pollutants. After entering the environment, the physical and chemical properties of fresh BCs will be changed by biotic or abiotic action, which is called aging. Investigating the change rule and mechanisms of aging processes of BCs are very important for predicting their environmental behaviors and ecological effects. Aging-related environmental factors such as oxygen, moisture, temperature, and pH were discussed. The domestic and foreign research methods of BCs aging were summarized, and the effects of various aging simulation methods on the physical and chemical properties of BCs were analyzed. Then, the mechanisms of BCs aging and the differences between artificial and natural aging were further discussed. The main problems in current aging research were summarized, including the lack of natural aging data, the lack of quantitative and systematic research, and the aging research methods needing to be innovated, etc.
Research progress of analytical methods and pollution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediment
CAO Xiaocong, WU Xiaochen, XU Wenshuai, XIONG Zengheng, WANG Chenye, HU Shanhu, HU Fei
2020, 10(5): 871-882. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200077
Abstract(458) PDF(1131KB)(56)
Abstract:
The analysis methods and pollution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediment both at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. The principle, applicable scope, advantages, disadvantages and applications of various extraction methods and determination methods were systematically summarized. At present, liquid-liquid extraction was the most common method for extracting petroleum hydrocarbons from water samples, while Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic extraction were the most common methods for sediment samples. Gas chromatography was the main development direction for determining the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons and the content of specific components of petroleum hydrocarbons. Also, the pollution levels, distribution, and influencing factors of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments worldwide were summarized. The results showed that the low pollution concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in water (0.05-4.13 μg/L) appeared in the Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, and the high pollution concentration (1 581 541 μg/L) appeared in New South Wales, Australia. The low pollution concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments (not detected-1.71 mg/kg) came from the coastline and mangroves in the northern Persian Gulf, and the high pollution concentrations (300-16 500 mg/kg) came from the Pearl River Estuary in China. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in water and sediment was mainly distributed in Asia. Oil spills, industrial wastewater emissions and urban runoff were the main factors influencing the rise of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution levels in the environment. Finally, the research priorities on petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments in future were proposed.
Discussion of problems in the process of large-scale contaminate sites remediation and project practice
SUN Xingkai, HUANG Hai, WANG Haidong, ZHANG Jingxin, YANG Yong, ZHOU Guangdong, CHU Wenlei
2020, 10(5): 883-890. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190216
Abstract(706) PDF(1107KB)(246)
Abstract:
In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization process, the problems of soil and groundwater pollution in large-scale polluted sites abandoned by the city were particularly prominent, and the environmental and human health risks in filed redevelopment process were high. The characteristics of large-scale contaminated sites, such as wide distribution, large area and complex pollution, as well as the problems faced in the process of redevelopment, such as emphasis on remediation than investigation, single type of remediation technologies, and difficulty in secondary pollution prevention and control were discussed. On this basis, the corresponding countermeasures were also proposed based on the concept of green sustainable remediation. Besides, the practical experience of implementing the concept of green sustainable remediation in the process of remediation and redevelopment of Beijing Coking Plant site was introduced, including conducting additional site investigations, adopting integrated remediation technologies, strengthening secondary pollution prevention and control, and establishing public participation mechanisms, etc.

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