2015 Vol. 5, No. 1

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2015 Vol.5, No.1
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Special Approximations
Wastewater Refining Technologies and Modes Toward Ultimate Utilization of Wastewater Resource
HU Hong-ying, WU Guang-xue, WU Qian-yuan, GUAN Yun-tao, LI Huan, TAO Yi
2015, 5(1): 1-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.001
Abstract(2293) PDF(2093KB)(1031)
Abstract:
The present municipal wastewater treatment processes possess problems such as high investment, high waste yield and low efficiency. A new concept of wastewater refining was proposed toward ultimate utilization of wastewater resource, and key technologies and possible pathways to realize the concept analyzed. The core concept of wastewater refining is considering wastewater as resource. By changing the present treatment principles of pollutants degradation and removal, safe and efficient utilization of water, organic matters and inorganic salts can be realized by fine separation and directional transformation of valuable materials in wastewater. Wastewater refining includes three key processes of separation, transformation and utilization. Based on the technical analysis, two technical pathways of ecological and high-end modes of wastewater refining were presented for different cases. In addition, wastewater refining technology was systematically analyzed. It is pointed that the safe and efficient utilization of reclaimed wastewater is the important driver for advancing wastewater refining technology, and combining wastewater reclamation with resource and energy transformation is the future developing direction.
Water Pollution Control Technology and Resource Utilization
Effect of Heat Pretreatment Time on Seed Sludge for Fermentative Hydrogen Production
CHANG Sheng, LI Jian-zheng, LIU Feng, WANG Shu-jing
2015, 5(1): 7-12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.002
Abstract(1780) PDF(810KB)(938)
Abstract:
In order to find appropriate heat pretreatment methods for enriching hydrogen-producing bacteria from activated sludge, the shaking flask fermentation test was adopted to investigate the characteristics of fermentative hydrogen production from glucose in the wastewater treatment plant activated sludge under different heat pretreatment at 65 ℃. The results showed that after 64 hours of culture at 35 ℃ with an initial glucose concentration 10 g/L, seed sludge volume in terms of mixed liquor volatile suspend solid (MLVSS) of 1.6 g/L and pH of 7.0, and then respectively after 15 min and 30 min of heat pretreatment at 65 ℃, the seed sludge fermentation system illustrated good hydrogen production performance. The hydrogen-producing ratio from glucose and specific hydrogen yield in terms of MLVSS after 30 min of heat pretreatment reached 1.09 mol/mol and 8.4 mmol/g MLVSS, respectively, while that after 15 min of heat pretreatment reached 1.06 mol/mol and 8.2 mmol/g MLVSS, respectively. Additionally, different microorganisms were screened from the seed sludge under different heat pretreatment time, and the predominant acidogenic fermentative bacteria with different functions were constructed. Butyric acid type fermentation and mixed acid fermentation were established for the seed sludge fermentation system after 15-75 min and 90-120 min of heat pretreatment, respectively.
Preparation of Ferrate and Its Application in Water and Wastewater Treatment
LIU Wen-fang, ZHAO Ying, CAI Ya-jun, LI Xiao-guang, LI Cao-le, TANG Jun
2015, 5(1): 13-19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.003
Abstract(2027) PDF(1127KB)(1115)
Abstract:
Ferrate is a kind of green and environmental friendly water treatment agent which possesses strong oxidation potential and can further generate ferric coagulating agents simultaneously. As a result, it is widely concerned in the field of water and wastewater treatment. Based on an analysis of researches at home and abroad, the methods of synthesis and characterization of ferrate were reviewed. Meanwhile, the applications of ferrate in water and wastewater treatment, such as algae removal, disinfection, heavy metal ions removal, and organic and emerging micro-pollutants elimination were summarized. The existing problems faced in large-scale applications of ferrate were discussed, and the development prospects were finally forecasted.
Air Pollution Control Technology and Usage of Clean Energy
Establishment and Revision of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matters in Europe and US and the Practical Usefulness to China
YANG Li-xin
2015, 5(1): 20-28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.004
Abstract(2123) PDF(1454KB)(1308)
Abstract:
The principles and methodology of formulating ambient air quality objectives and establishing ambient air quality criteria and standards for particulate matters in Euorpe and USA were reviewed. The experience of controlling fine particulates pollution as well as the theories, mothods and progresses of establishing and revising ambient air quality standards for fine particulates in the developed countries were analyzed. Combining with the the charaterisitics of fine particulate pollution and the current status of research and development, it is suggested that multi-disciplines research organizations could be organized and supported by administration agency to carry out joint key research projects, provide scientific research conclussions and then publish China’s own national ambient air quality criteria documents for particulate matters reflecting the latest scientific knowledge.
Biological and Ecological Engineering and Recovery Technology
Analysis on Characteristics and Driving Force of Land Use Change in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone
WU Kun, WANG Wen-jie, LIU Jun-hui, ZHANG Zhe, HU Sheng-wu
2015, 5(1): 29-37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.005
Abstract(1877) PDF(3454KB)(946)
Abstract:
Based on the land use change data of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone (CCEZ) in 2000, 2005 and 2010, and combined with RS and GIS methods, the information of land use quantity of each type, land use dynamic degree and land use conversion matrix was extracted, and the land use change quantity and conversion characteristics during 2000 to 2010 analyzed. Combined with the data of social-economic statistical data, the partial least squares regression model of land use change was built, and the driving forces of land use change of CCEZ analyzed. The result showed significant changes emerged in structured land, forest land and farm land, among which structured land increased by 2 337.03 km2, the forest land increased by 2 719.15 km2, whereas the farm land reduced by 5 840.27 km2. The farm land was mostly changed to forest land and structured land. The increasing population pressure is the major driving force of land use change in CCEZ, the rapid development of social economy is the subordinate driving force, and the macro-control and policy implementation of country also plays an important role in land use change.
Ecological Security Assessment of Shuifumiao Reservoir Basin Based on Land Use
ZHAO Ming-yue, WANG Wen-jie, WANG Wei, ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG Heng-qing
2015, 5(1): 38-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.006
Abstract(1853) PDF(1006KB)(1024)
Abstract:
The watershed ecological security assessment system of Shuifumiao reservoir in Hunan province was established from the perspective of watershed ecosystem structure and land use, including land environmental impact, water ecological health status and watershed ecological service function. The AHP method and the comprehensive index method were used for watershed ecological security assessment. The results show that the comprehensive ecological security of the watershed is in Grade Ⅲ, overall in general safety state. The effect of land environment is of general level, the water ecological health is at a medium security, and the watershed ecological service function is good. Irrational land use and great pollution load cause some pressure on the ecological security of Shuifumiao reservoir basin. The resulted water body eutrophication can influence the water environment and ecological service function of the basin, which has become the hidden trouble of safety threat to ecological security of Shuifumiao reservoir basin.
Ecological Environment Data Resources Integration and Sharing Service System Implementation
ZHANG Xue, SHEN Wen-ming, WANG Chang-zuo, SUN Zhong-ping, CHU Dong, FU Zhuo
2015, 5(1): 46-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.007
Abstract(2074) PDF(986KB)(1180)
Abstract:
The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly investigated and evaluated nationwide ecological environmental changes in China from 2000 to 2010. The goal of this project was to acquire information on the change trend of the ecological environment and existing problems on a national scale, and summarize China’s performance and experience in protecting the ecological environment. On the basis of effectively integrating the ecological environment data resources, the ecological environment data sharing service system was developed. Using computer, GIS, database and modern communication technologies, the research solved some key technologies, such as mechanism of spatial data sharing service and database access mode. This system has realized the overall integration, comprehensive presentation, real-time sharing and dynamic service capabilities of multi-source, multi-scale and multi-type ecological environment data, thus providing the system support for deep and wide application of ecological environment data and the management and decision-making.
Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Recycling Technology
Study on Spot Discernment Method, Problems and Countermeasures of Imported Waste Plastics
HAO Ya-qiong
2015, 5(1): 53-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.008
Abstract(2180) PDF(979KB)(1247)
Abstract:
The current import situation of waste plastics in China was introduced briefly. Combined with many times of waste plastics spot discernment practice, the method and process of waste plastics spot discernment were introduced. Among twenty-nine cases of the customs declaration for waste plastics, only two cases met the national standard requirements and were allowed be imported. The rest of the goods were the banned imported solid wastes, including three cases of municipal solid wastes. The main problems in inspection specification of waste plastics for import were discussed and the countermeasure put forward.
Soil pollution prevention and integrated management
Preparation of Magnetic Black Carbon and Its Adsorption of Heavy Metals Pb and Cd in Soil
NI Liu-fang, WENG Ren-gui
2015, 5(1): 59-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.009
Abstract(1954) PDF(643KB)(1177)
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem of powder magnetic black carbon that is easy to be covered by the soil and thus can influence the absorption effects, the formed magnetic black carbon with 3-5 mm diameter was prepared via bond forming method by using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as the bonding agent to circumvent the embedding. The magnetic black carbon was used as soil amendment to repair heavy metal pollution soil, with potted artificial simulated contaminated soil. The best adsorption conditions for magnetic black carbon to heavy metals Pb and Cd in the contaminated soil was studied through the orthogonal experiment and single factor experiments. The results shows that as the soil moisture content is 20% and the soil pH is 6.0, the addition of 6% magnetic black carbon can respectively remove 59.67% of Pb and 68.53% of Cd in the contaminated soil within 30 reaction days, elaborating that the magnetic black carbon has good adsorption properties on the heavy metals such as Pb and Cd in contaminated soil.
Environmental Industry Policy and Management
Measurement of Historic Debts of Environmental Investment Based on Environmental Public Service Equalization
JIAO Ruo-jing
2015, 5(1): 64-71. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.010
Abstract(1977) PDF(1013KB)(992)
Abstract:
The historical debts of environmental investment for 31provinces of the mainland of China were calculated from 2006 to 2010, based on the two aspects of supply and demand for environmental investment. It was found that the supply of environmental investment had been always more than demand of environmental investment in Beijing and other six provinces. There was a gap between supply and demand for environmental investment in other provinces, e. i. the historical debt. From the view of demand, the demand for infrastructure construction investment was fully satisfied, the demand for industrial pollution source control investment was equal to the supply, and the supply for construction project “three simultaneous” environmental investment was far not enough to meet the demand. In addition, the historical debts for environmental investment were more in northeast, central and northwest regions of China, and less in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic circle, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.
Industrial Environmental Access and Its Research Progress at Home and Abroad
GAO Bao, FU Ze-qiang, SHEN Peng, YANG Jun-feng, WU Na, XIE Yuan-yuan, LI Lin-zi
2015, 5(1): 72-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.011
Abstract(2324) PDF(1142KB)(1453)
Abstract:
Environmental access, an effective means to strengthen the source control, has been widely accepted and highly concerned by various circles of society. The concept and main implications of industrial environmental access were introduced, and its research progress at home and abroad reviewed. The foreign research focuses on the application and effectiveness evaluation of the industrial environmental access, while the domestic research mainly focuses on the access thresholds from the levels of region, industry and enterprise (project). Besides, a variety of index systems are also constructed in China. At the regional level, the major considerations are the constraints of regional environmental capacity, environmental function regionalization, etc. At the industry level, the major considerations are the technology level, the resource consumption intensity and pollutant emission intensity based on which the access limits are determined. At the enterprise (project) level, the major considerations are the location, technology and equipment level, etc. in addition to the above constraints.
Chemicals GLP System Status in China and Comparison with US GLP System
YU Li-na, NIE Jing-lei, HUO Li-bin, SHEN Ying-wa, FU Li-jie, LIU Chun-xin
2015, 5(1): 79-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.01.012
Abstract(2027) PDF(823KB)(1035)
Abstract:
The chemicals GLP management system status, assessment requirements and processes in China were introduced. By comparing the chemicals testing GLP laboratories management system of US EPA and China, it was concluded that the US EPA chemical experience in laboratories management system could provide good reference for China’s chemical testing GLP laboratories management. It indicated that China's chemicals testing GLP management system need to build more complete system, more efficient inspection process, and to strengthen the important examination items and violations supervision and management. Suggestions were put up forward on improving GLP standards system, enhancing the laboratory management level and testing capabilities, and promoting progress of international mutual acceptance of safety data (MAD).

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