环境工程技术学报

2014 Vol.4, No.4

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A Brief Analysis on Korea’s Green Growth Law System

QIAO Qi, LI Lin-zi, LI Yan-ping

2014, 4(4): 263-268. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.043

Abstract(1927) PDF(936KB)(1101)

Abstract:
To reflect the new national vision for ‘Low Carbon, Green Growth’, with an aim of becoming one of the top greenest countries, the Korean government takes positive action in legislation. Currently, a green growth law system, covering fields of agriculture, manufacture, transportation, construction, power and water supply, has been established. Meanwhile, it has adopted a series of policies and measures to prompt practice in green growth. Since China is in key economic transition, the analysis on Korea’s green growth law system may provide us with some useful cues in legislation and practice for low carbon, circular and green development. China should set up a national law system gradually, so that it can positively cope with the global energy and climate issues and effectively boost the domestic green growth. In addition, the measures with Chinese characteristics that can influence public awareness and change public behaviors should also be taken to advance low carbon, circular and green development.

Influence Factors of Electrokinetic Remediation for Nitrate-polluted Kaolin

HAN Juan-juan, MENG Fan-sheng, WANG Ye-yao, GAO Peng

2014, 4(4): 269-274. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.044

Abstract(2116) PDF(683KB)(639)

Abstract:
The experimental study was conducted on electrokinetic remediation for nitrate- polluted kaolin. The effects of pH, operating time and applied voltage on removal efficiency were mainly studied. The initial concentration of nitrate nitrogen in kaolin was 1 000 mg/kg. The results show that the removal efficiency can be improved with the increase of operating time and applied current. The electric energy consumption will increase as the operating time and applied current increase. Comprehensively considering the removal efficiencies and electric energy consumptions, the optimal operating time and applied voltage for the studied soils are 4 days and 0.7-1.0 V/cm respectively. When the operating time and applied voltage are 4 days and 1.0 V/cm respectively, the soil nitrate nitrogen removal rate is 87.67% and the power consumption is 335.2 kW·h/g.

Study on Quick Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonia on Natural Clinoptilolite

LI Yuan-zhi, SHEN Zhi-qiang, ZHOU Yue-xi, ZHOU Ji-hong, LIU Jia

2014, 4(4): 275-281. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.045

Abstract(2139) PDF(898KB)(800)

Abstract:
The characteristics of ammonia nitrogen adsorption on the clinoptilolite was studied by static shaking table experiment, and the effect of clinoptilolite dosage and metal cations on quick adsorption of ammonium on the clinoptilolite investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen on clinoptilolite was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 12.903 mg/g. The removal rate increased with the decrease of the clinoptilolite size, and the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Ammonium cations were exchanged with Na⁺ primarily, and then Ca²⁺. With the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration and the extension of absorption time, the ratio of Na⁺ to removed NH₄⁺ decreased, and vice versa of Ca²⁺ to removed NH₄⁺.Clinoptilolite dosage was proportional to the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total metal cations released to water. With increasing dosage of the clinoptilolite, the ratio of Na⁺ to removed NH₄⁺ increased from 1.222 to 1.383. The inhibitory effect of clinoptilolite adsorption of ammonia nitrogen was in the order of K⁺>Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺, when the adsorption solution was added with four cations respectively.

Performance of Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor for Corn Starch Processing Wastewater Treatment

GAO Peng, NIAN Yue-gang, YAN Hai-hong, YIN Qin, XU Lu, XIE Ya-wei

2014, 4(4): 282-286. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.046

Abstract(2002) PDF(717KB)(757)

Abstract:
The dynamic membrane forming on the surface of 0.105 mm industrial filter cloth and steel mesh was utilized to replace the static membrane, so as to develop a submerged dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) for corn starch processing wastewater treatment. The results showed that after forming of dynamic membrane on the two substrate membranes, most of the suspended solids could be held back completely. Furthermore, dynamic membrane was generated faster (in 30-60 min) on filter cloth and achieved better filtering efficiency. With the constant-flow operation mode of starting with high flux and running with low flux, the effluent turbidity was below 1.5 NTU on average, and SS not checked out. When HRT was 22 h, MLSS was 5 g/L, the removal efficiency of COD_Cr and NH₄⁺-N reached 93.1% and 94.8% respectively, and the effluent average concentrations were 34.5 and 5.2 mg/L, respectively.

Study on Bioconcentration of Three Chlorophenols in Zebrafish and SOD Activity Stress Action

SONG Zhi-hui, SUN Xin-xin, LI Han-dong

2014, 4(4): 287-292. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.047

Abstract(2026) PDF(790KB)(658)

Abstract:
To study the physio-toxicity effect of 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorphenol on zebrafish, the evaluation indicator of 7 d K_BCF and SOD activity with different exposure concentrations were determined using zebrafish by semi-static test. The results showed that the 7 d K_BCF of 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP to zebrafish were 33.65±5.29,65.54±10.49 and 128.05±39.83, respectively, and the bioconcentration factor followed the order of 4-CP＜2,4-DCP＜2,4,6-TCP. The bioconcentration of the chlorophenols to zebrafish and the numbers of chloro derivatives had positive correlation. The results of stress action test of the chlorophenols to zebrafish showed that the effect at 1 d was induction-inhibition and at 7 d the effect was inhibition, indicating significant variation of SOD activity.

Spatial Clustering of Water Pollution Based on Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis

WANG Xin-cheng, WANG Bin-zhi, HUANG Jian-yi

2014, 4(4): 293-298. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.048

Abstract(1926) PDF(1702KB)(620)

Abstract:
The spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of water pollution monitoring indices, based on China Status of Environment in 2012. Eight water pollution indices, including dissolved oxygen, potassium permanganate index, BOD₅, ammonia nitrogen, petroleum, volatile phenol, mercury and lead. The Moran’s I is greater than 0 for all pollution indices, indicating that the spatial distribution of the main pollutants in China has significant spatial autocorrelation. The result of Moran scatter diagram of LISA shows that the pollutants have developed several kinds of spatial patterns. In general, the distribution of the water pollutants has close relationship with regional socio-economic situations, with obviously higher pollution in densely populated areas, such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The water pollution in China could be divided into two major patterns “east-west” and “north-south”, namely, the water pollution in China's eastern coastal areas were significantly higher than that in the midwest, and the water pollution in northern China was worse than that in southern region. Different water pollution indices had different agglomeration areas.

Occurrence and Pollution Sources of Toxic and Hazardous Substances in Liaohe Basin

LIU Ruixia, LI Bin, SONG Yong-hui, ZENG Ping

2014, 4(4): 299-305. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.049

Abstract(2002) PDF(1084KB)(737)

Abstract:
The toxic and hazardous substances (THSs), classified as inorganic and organic chemicals, can cause short- and long-term public health problems and serious environmental pollution. The species of pollutants in the water body were introduced, and the occurrence of PAHs, OCPs, PCBs and other toxic substances in Liaohe Basin was reviewed. The primary analysis of pollution sources of the typical THSs indicated that Liaohe Basin had the mixed pollution characteristics of industrial pollution sources, municipal wastewaters and agricultural nonpoint sources. Based upon the current THSs pollution and the research status, the main problems and some suggestions for further study were proposed, so as to establish an efficient strategy for prevention and control of THSs in Liaohe Basin.

Feasibility Study on Managed Aquifer Recharge with Reclaimed Water in Xinjiang: A Case Study of Urumqi

WANG Xiao-yu, ZHAO Chen-xi, ZHANG Zhen-yi, JIAERHENG Ahati, ZHAO Hui-kun

2014, 4(4): 306-312. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.050

Abstract(2122) PDF(1075KB)(685)

Abstract:
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with reclaimed water, a frontier field of recycled water utilization, is an effective way to solve the problems of water scarcity, groundwater overexploitation, low reutilization rate of water and serious water pollution. With case study in Urumqi City, the advantages and feasibility of MAR with reclaimed water in arid-area cities were discussed based on an analysis of the status of water supply and demand, wastewater reuse and water environment, as well as of the conditions of aquifer space and engineering site. Some key issues required to research on MAR with reclaimed water were put forward, aiming at the special geographical and climatic characteristics of arid areas. It was proposed that researches and practices on MAR with reclaimed water should be engaged in Xinjiang so as to promote safe utilization of reclaimed water and gain more environmental, economic and social benefits.

Satellite Cloud-Aerosol Lidar – CALIOP: Capability, Product and Its Applications

ZHENG Shao-qing, XU Jun, HE You-jiang, MENG Fan, BI Fang, YI Peng, WANG Wei-kang

2014, 4(4): 313-320. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.051

Abstract(2468) PDF(1799KB)(803)

Abstract:
Satellite Cloud-Aerosol Lidar (CALIOP) practices a routine vertically sliced scanning through the earth's atmosphere, forming a 3-D monitoring network with high resolution on cloud and aerosol. CALIOP was introduced systematically in terms of capability, characteristics, data structure, retrieval process, products and the uncertainty. The applications of CALIOP data to trace dust transportation, validate modeled cloud and aerosol distribution, explore aerosol-cloud interaction, exhibit long-term status of cloud and aerosol distribution, update the understanding of the aerosol and cloud properties, as well as application prospects in the study of regional air quality in China were presented.

Emission Reduction Accounting for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 by Renewable Energy Power Generation

YU Hong

2014, 4(4): 321-325. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.052

Abstract(2150) PDF(599KB)(1261)

Abstract:
Developing renewable energy power generation is an important measure of Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control, which is helpful to promote PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emission reduction and improve air quality. From life cycle perspective, the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emission factors of all kinds of renewable energy power generation are lower than coal-fired thermal power generation. The PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 reduction factor of unit power generation of different kinds of renewable energy power generation are in descending order of hydro power, grid connected wind power, solar power, and biomass power. According to life cycle assessment results, a reduction of 3.787×105 t/a PM₁₀ and 1.894×10⁵ t/a PM_2.5 was realized by replacing coal-fired thermal power generation with renewable energy power generation in 2012, showing a good effect of emission reduction. There should be a greater reduction potential in the future, with a reduction of 4.421×10⁵t/a PM₁₀ and 2.210×10⁵ t/a PM_2.5 in 2015 and 6.541×10⁵ t/a PM₁₀ and 3.271×10⁵ t/a PM_2.5in 2020.

Experiment Mechanism Analysis of Flue Gas Denitrification by Sodium Acrylate Organic Wastewater

ZHANG Hong-di, SHI Ying-jie, YANG Li, FU Xiao-heng

2014, 4(4): 326-332. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.053

Abstract(2122) PDF(884KB)(639)

Abstract:
The process of denitration by sodium acrylate wastewater and the mechanism of different factors affecting the process were tested on coal-fired furnace. The denitration mechanism of the organic wastewater was briefly analysed and the impacts of parameters such as temperature, oxygen content and the sodium acrylate content on the flue gas denitration process were tested. Thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to test the sodium acrylate pyrolysis process in N₂ and air atmosphere. The affecting mechanism of the temperature and oxygen content on denitration of sodium acrylate organic wastewater was studied. The result showed that intermediate products were produced during the sodium acrylate organic wastewater pyrolysis process. The intermediate products can remove NO in the flu gas by reducing NO to N₂. The optimal denitration effect was achieved with denitration efficiency of 37.6%, under the conditions of 4.1% of oxygen content, 11.1 of wastewater COD to gas NO mass ratio, the temperature at 1 360 K, and the residence time 0.82 s. The denitration efficiency increased if appropriately increasing the concentration of sodium acrylate.

Design and Implementation of Environmental Data Sharing Platform Based on SOA

FANG Li, WANG Wen-jie, GAO Zhen-ji, WANG Ming-hao, HUA JIe, ZENG Xiu-li

2014, 4(4): 333-340. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.054

Abstract(1931) PDF(2289KB)(742)

Abstract:
An environmental data sharing platform based on service oriented architecture was designed and implemented to share heterogeneous environmental data scattered in various systems and locations characterized by heterogeneous and lack of spatial data sharing. Some key technologies such as service oriented architecture(SOA), Web Service, Service GIS, and middleware technology were integrated and applied in this platform to realize functions such as metadata service, attribute data and spatial data mutually retrieving service, spatial data aggregation service, web data mining service, and multi-service register service. The platform can share different environmental data such as environmental thematic data, fundamental geographic data, remote sensing images, hydrological and meteorological data, and spatial data services based on environmental databases and metabase. In addition, the platform based on service oriented architecture bears openness and expansibility so that various environmental data resources and spatial data services from networks can be integrated into the platform.

Methods of Substance Flow Analysis of Heavy Metal Elements and Case Study

DANG Chun-ge, ZHOU Chang-bo, WU Hao, SONG Xian-cai, SHEN Chen, LI Zi, FANG Gang

2014, 4(4): 341-345. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.055

Abstract(2276) PDF(613KB)(752)

Abstract:
Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) is used to show the flow pattern of an elementary substance as it enters and leaves a region or factory, which can be used to evaluate the impacts of the element on the production processes, products and environment during various processes in product life cycle. The progress and status of SFA methods were comprehensively reviewed, and the methods and procedure for analysis of heavy metals established. The main factors influencing the production processes, products and environment, such as the amount of heavy metal, environmental and economic indicators, were quantitatively analyzed and evaluated. Specifically, focusing on arsenic and with case studies in two enterprises, the distribution, occurrence and tendency of arsenic during the production process were analyzed. On this base, the key links and directions for arsenic control were identified, thus providing guidance for enterprises to realize total amount reduction of heavy metals, improve the environment and cleaner production.

Screening Procedure of Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate in US

YE Jing, HUO Li-bin, ZHANG Wei-jing, NIE Jing-lei

2014, 4(4): 346-352. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.056

Abstract(2112) PDF(776KB)(1213)

Abstract:
Contaminant candidate lists (CCLs) for the drinking water that US EPA established were overviewed. The technique and procedure for CCL3 establishment were introduced in detail, and the screening methods and step-by-step implementation procedure of contaminant candidates combined with health hazard and exposure information were illustrated. The analysis can provide reference for the screening of controlled chemicals in China.

2014 Vol. 4, No. 4

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