环境工程技术学报

2013 Vol.3, No.1

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Current Status and Suggestions on Hazardous Waste Management in China

WANG Qi, HUANG Qi-fei, YAN Da-hai, LI Li

2013, 3(1): 1-5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.001

Abstract(3416) PDF(689KB)(2075)

Abstract:
The current status of hazardous waste generation, utilization and disposal, pollution prevention and control regulation system, and supervision and technical supporting system in China was analyzed and summarized. The problems of hazardous waste management in China were pointed out, and some relevant suggestions given. It suggested that China should strengthen the management of hazardous waste sources, improve the technical abilities of sound utilization and disposal of hazardous waste, push forward the management of hazardous waste from non-industrial sources, and strengthen the construction of hazardous waste supervision and technical supporting system.

Identification of the Key Pollution Control Links of the Typical Hazardous Wastes

HUANG Qi-fei, YANG Yu-fei, YUE Bo, YANG Zi-liang, LIU Feng, HE Jie, YU Hong-jin

2013, 3(1): 6-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.002

Abstract(2980) PDF(645KB)(1026)

Abstract:
The environmental management status of four typical hazardous wastes (including dyeing and coating waste, waste mineral oil, electroplating sludge, waste acid and alkali) was investigated and analyzed, focusing on the processes of waste storage, waste transportation, waste disposal and comprehensive utilization. The results showed that non-standardized environmental management was often founded in hazardous waste storage process. Due to inadequate management for packing, storage and leakage prevention facilities, the groundwater and surface water were polluted by the hazardous waste leachate from rainfall leaching, and the air was polluted by volatile organic compounds in hazardous waste. In collection and transportation process, the hazardous wastes management was more standardized, and the environmental risk was relatively small. In disposal and comprehensive utilization process, dyeing and coating waste and waste mineral oil were disposed mainly by incineration, while electroplating sludge was mainly disposed by solidification and landfills, and waste acid and alkali disposed by neutralizing. In conclusions, more attentions should be paid to the potential environmental pollution and its harm to human health in storage process, followed by landfill process in disposal and comprehensive utilization. The pollutants had two main exposure pathways, i.e. polluting the groundwater through leaching and polluting the air by volatile organic compounds emission.

Theory and Practice of Hazardous Waste Priority Management in Foreign Countries

YANG Yu-fei, HUANG Ze-chun, HUANG Qi-fei, WANG Qi

2013, 3(1): 10-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.003

Abstract(3311) PDF(856KB)(1448)

Abstract:
The hazardous waste (chemical) priority management lists in the United States, European Union, New Zealand and Norway, etc. were reviewed, and the establishment theoretical basis and practice studied. The results showed that the toxicity of hazardous waste or chemicals and current situation was the basis to establish the priority list, the priority management list developed according to the risk assessment was not perfect, and specific control measures or methods of hazardous wastes of priority list had not been stipulated in detail. On this basis, suggestions to the formulation of priority management list of hazardous waste in China were put forward: 1) investigating hazardous waste basic data of China and establishing basic database of hazardous waste in production, collection and transportation, storage and disposal of the whole process; 2) carrying out researches on priority management list of hazardous waste based on risk assessment in China; 3) developing relevant management approaches as soon as possible according to the actual situation of hazardous waste management in China.

Research on Hazardous Waste Exemption Management at Home and Abroad

HUANG Qi-fei, YANG Yu-fei, YUE Bo, YANG Zi-liang, LIU Feng, HE Jie, YU Hong-jin

2013, 3(1): 18-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.004

Abstract(3311) PDF(596KB)(1418)

Abstract:
Hazardous waste management is especially important for solid waste management, in which the hazardous waste exemption management system is an effective method to reduce environmental risk of hazardous waste. The hazardous waste exemption management systems at home and abroad were investigated. The results show that the hazardous waste exemption management system in the United States is relatively completed, in which hazardous wastes exemption management can be divided into five types, i.e. categories excluding, conditional exemption for small generating sources, exemption for the low environmental risk, exemption under mixed and derived conditions, and exemption for individual waste generating sources. In Europe, the hazardous waste exemption management is far behind the mature system like the United States both on the techniques and mechanisms. In China, the architecture of hazardous waste exemption management system has not been formed. It was suggested that lessons should be drawn from hazardous wastes exemption management experience in developed countries, so as to study the hazardous waste management theories and practices, and to establish the hazardous waste exemption management system in China.

Exemption Management on the Acidified Slime Generated by Titanium Dioxide Plant

YANG Zi-liang, YU Hong-jin<, YUE Bo, HUANG Qi-fei

2013, 3(1): 22-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.005

Abstract(2913) PDF(659KB)(1267)

Abstract:
The acidified slime generated by titanium dioxide plant was studied to develop the hazardous wastes exemption management research, which could not only reduce the environment risk, but also lighten the load on companies regarding the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. The hazardous characteristics identification results showed that the acidified slime did not possess the leaching toxicity for the toxic substances content far lower than the hazardous wastes identification standards, yet it had certain corrosive nature. Rinsing could reduce the corrosivity of acidified slime. After the acidified slime was washed twice, it no longer possessed the hazardous characteristic of corrosivity. Also the leaching toxicity of heavy metals was lowered after the acidified slime was washed. When washed acidified slime was kept in storage, the environmental risk brought up by the surface runoff was not high, and the environmental risk of the acidified slime lowered remarkably after washed. If acidified slime was washed 3 times, it would not cause the pollution risk of water quality even when the geological disasters occurred. The acidified slime generated by titanium dioxide plant could thus be given exemption management after washed.

Exemption Limit Value of Electroplating Sludge in Landfill: Case Study in Chongqing

YANG Yu-fei, HUANG Qi-fei, HUANG Ze-chun, JI Wen-jia

2013, 3(1): 28-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.006

Abstract(3213) PDF(615KB)(1430)

Abstract:
The method of calculation of the exemption limit value of the hazardous waste in the landfill was introduced. The electroplating sludge generated by 15 electroplating enterprises in Chongqing was taken as study case to introduce how to calculate the exemption limit value of electroplating sludge in the municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. The results showed that in back-stepping calculation scenario which was established on the statistical values of environmental parameters of the MSW landfill site in Chongqing, the pollutants concentration at the exposure point and release point were 0.005 5 mg/L (carcinogenic effects), 1.2 mg/L (non-carcinogenic effects) and 0.003 4 mg/L (carcinogenic effects), 0.76 mg/L (non-carcinogenic effects), respectively. The electroplating sludge exemption limit value in MSW landfill was 2.992 t/a, i.e. the electroplating sludge less than 3 tons within one year could be disposed in this landfill site.

Exemption Limit Value for Waste Dyes and Paints Storage

HUANG Ze-chun, WANG Qi, HUANG Qi-fei

2013, 3(1): 33-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.007

Abstract(3002) PDF(918KB)(1584)

Abstract:
The storage process of waste dyes and paints was focused on. Based on the groundwater transport and diffusion scenario and air diffusion scenario, the exemption limit values (ELVs) for the storage of paint slag, wastewater sludge, and waste ink and paint was figured out using environmental risk assessment methodology. The results showed that the exemption limit value of solid phase waste (paint slag and wastewater sludge) storage was too little for exemption management. For waste ink and paint storage, the exemption limit value was 262 kg/a under bucket package without cover, open or semi-closed storage yard, harden ground and anti-seepage scenario.

Exemption Limit Value for Used Mineral Oil Storage

WANG Qi, HUANG Qi-fei, GAO Xing-bao, YANG Yu-fei

2013, 3(1): 41-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.008

Abstract(2794) PDF(530KB)(1353)

Abstract:
At present, the transportation and disposal of used mineral oil is relatively normative compared with the storage process. The storage has certain risk and has been the emphasis and difficulty for used mineral oil management. The exemption limit value (ELV) of used mineral oil storage was set up using environmental risk assessment methodology, which could be used for its exemption management. Based on exposure scenarios of groundwater transport and diffusion and air diffusion, the ELVs for the storage of liquid-phase used mineral oil and oily wastewater sludge were figured out. The results showed that the major pollutants in used mineral oil were volatile organic compounds, e.g. benzene compounds and PAHs, with a few heavy metals. The ELV of oily wastewater sludge storage was too little for exemption management, which indicated that its storage must follow the requests of hazardous waste management. For liquid-phase used mineral oil, the ELV was 487 kg/a based on the exposure scenario of air diffusion in the condition of open container storage.

Review of Supervision Policies of USA and European Union on PM_2.5 and O₃

CHAI Fa-he, WANG Xiao, LUO Hong, Lü Lian-hong

2013, 3(1): 46-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.009

Abstract(3020) PDF(1021KB)(1475)

Abstract:
The evolution and current situation of regulatory policy on PM_2.5and O₃ in the USA and the European Union was analyzed. The “Clean Air Act” is the main part of PM_2.5 and O₃ regulatory policy of the USA's. The national management is the dominant part, and state autonomous management is the independent execution units. Such a system could better promote the regulation of various states depending on local circumstances, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of various states. The regulatory policy in European Union is supervised, managed and regulated by seven European Union organizations and institutions. Each member country follows the "2008/50/EC Directive" or more stringent national standards. The United States and European Union, whose main regulatory system is implemented by each state or member country, set strict standards, strengthen the monitoring, and achieve a high degree of public informed. The implementation of these policies can provide a certain reference to PM_2.5 and O₃regulatory measures in China.

Study on Mercury Emissions from a Power Plant Burning High Ash and High Sulfur Coal

ZHANG Chen, DENG Shuang, ZHANG Fan, LIU Yu, WANG Hong-mei, SHI Ying-jie, WANG Xiang-feng, CAO Qing

2013, 3(1): 53-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.010

Abstract(2998) PDF(747KB)(933)

Abstract:
The mercury emission status of a power plant burning high-sulfur (3.47%) and high-ash (38.49%) coal and installed with pollutant emission control devices including selective catalytic reduction (SCR), wet-flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was investigated, and the effects of pollution control technologies on mercury forms and concentrations in flue gas discussed. The results showed that the particulate mercury proportion was higher than gaseous mercury due to high ash in the coal. The mercury removal efficiency could reach up to 80.56% after flue gas passing through ESP, depending on the particulate mercury proportion in the flue gas. There was no significant effect of SCR on mercury forms and concentrations in the flue gas. In comparison, WFGD could remove only 28.49% of mercury.

Nutrients Removal from Swine Wastewater by Natural Na-type Mordenite

QIAN Feng, SONG Yong-hui, XIANG Lian-cheng, ZHANG Dong-na, GONG Ai-jun, WANG Si-yu

2013, 3(1): 59-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.011

Abstract(2491) PDF(706KB)(931)

Abstract:
Taking Na-type mordenite as the experimental material, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of mordenite dosage, reaction time, pH, Ca²⁺ concentration and Mg²⁺ concentration on simultaneous removals of nitrogen and phosphorus from actual swine wastewater. It showed that under the conditions of mordenite dosage of 300 mg/L, pH of 8.0~9.0 and adsorption duration of 4 h, the removal efficiencies of high-concentration ammonia and phosphate by mordenite could reach 92% and 86%, respectively. With the increase of pH, the removal efficiency of ammonia and phosphate increased firstly and then decreased. However, the removal efficiency of ammonia reached the highest value around 90% at pH of 8.0, with phosphorus removal efficiency reaching the highest value of 85% at pH of 9.0. The effect of Ca²⁺ concentration on ammonia removal was not obvious, but was significant for phosphate removal. At P: Ca molar ratio of 1:6 and pH of 9.0, the removal efficiency of phosphate could reach 88%. The effect of Mg²⁺ concentration was significant for ammonia and phosphate removal. At P:Mg molar ratio of 1:4 and pH of 10.0, the removal efficiencies of ammonia and phosphate could reach 93% and 91%, respectively.

Study on UV-Fenton Treatment of Concentrated Water from Nanofiltration of Bio-treated Landfill Leachate

XU Su-shi, WANG Cheng-wen, WANG Di, DU Song

2013, 3(1): 65-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.012

Abstract(3813) PDF(763KB)(1051)

Abstract:
The treatment effect of concentrated water from nanofiltration of bio-treated landfill leachate was investigated through UV-Fenton process, and different factors on TOC removal such as H₂O₂ dosage, ferrous salt dosage, pH, temperature and reaction time were also studied. The results showed that UV-Fenton process could effectively remove the organic pollutant components. The H₂O₂ and FeSO₄•7H₂O dosage had a significant effect on TOC removal. The removal rate increased from 53.3% to 69.8% with H₂O₂ dosage increasing from 1 665 mg/L to 13 320 mg/L, and increased from 57.4% to 71.7% with FeSO₄•7H₂O dosage increasing from 367 mg/L to 5 500 mg/L. UV-Fenton system had a buffer effect on pH variation, and removal rate had a minor change with initial pH ranging from 2.0 to 6.0. With the temperature increasing from 20 to 60 ℃, TOC removal rate decreased slowly. TOC removal rate had a sharp increase in first 30 min and increased slowly later and, after 2 h, TOC removal rate no longer increased basically.

Architecture Design and Application of the Information Sharing Platform for Contaminated Sites Based on WebGIS

XU Ya-fei, BI Ru-tian, YU Qin-fei, DING Qiong, WU Guang-long, LI Fa-sheng, HOU Hong

2013, 3(1): 71-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.013

Abstract(3071) PDF(2627KB)(1001)

Abstract:
The contamination status of the relocated contaminated sites of major areas in China was investigated. The contaminated site classification and evaluation index system and the National Priority List were constructed, according to potential threats that the contaminated sites posed to human health and the environment and based on successful experience of regulating contaminated sites in the developed countries. The platform releasing the information of contaminated sites in China was constructed based on WebGIS technology, through which many functions, such as contaminated sites information collecting and editing, query and statistics, Web Map Service, classification and assessment of sites, filtering National Priority List, statistics and analysis of report forms, visual output and system maintenance, were realized. Through the construction of the platform, data exchanges and information sharing among environmental protection departments at different levels were strengthened, and meanwhile the digitization and networking of contaminated sites information in China were promoted.

Engineering Remediation Techniques and Its Application for Volatile Organic Compounds-contaminated Sites

YANG Bin, LI Hui-ying, WU Bin, DU Ping, LI Fa-sheng

2013, 3(1): 78-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2013.01.014

Abstract(3192) PDF(975KB)(1785)

Abstract:
It is a big challenge to remediate the left contaminated sites which caused by the relocation of so many factories and companies, especially for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-contaminated sites. The engineering remediation techniques (ERTs), being relatively mature, have been widely used in foreign contaminated sites. However, there are few cases in China. It is still a challenge for those who remediate the contaminated sites to select the best available techniques based on their own economic and social development levels. In order to promote the application of ERTs in the contaminated sites of China, the major types and the technical principles of ERTs for VOCs were reviewed, and the technologies contents, remediation periods and costs compared. The engineering applications and development trends of various ERTs for VOCs were discussed, combined with the applications in US superfund sites in nearly 30 years.

2013 Vol. 3, No. 1

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