环境工程技术学报

2012 Vol.2, No.5

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Research on Performance Characteristics of Biodenitrification Hybrid Membrane Bioreactor (HMBR) with Multicell Section

XIN Wang, TIAN Zhi-yong, SONG Yong-hui, LI Fa-yun

2012, 2(5): 363-372. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.057

Abstract(3337) PDF(1467KB)(1084)

Abstract:
As a promising wastewater treatment technology, the membrane bioreactor (MBR) has higher demand in carbon-nitrogen ratio than the conventional biological treatment during denitrification, and the dissolved oxygen and carbon-nitrogen ratio are the important factors to the total nitrogen removal of MBR. Based on the conventional membrane bioreactor (CMBR), a modified hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) was designed by combining with other technologies. The performance of modified HMBR and CMBR during long-term operation was compared. The results showed that although HMBR and CMBR manifested almost the same efficacies for COD_Cr and NH₄⁺-N removals, HMBR could improve the TN removal efficiency, which was averagely 7.1% higher than that of CMBR, and shortened the start-up period, strengthened capabilities of shock loading resistance and showed faster speed of recovering normal. The biofilm surface of the BF had better nitrification ability and dehydrogenase activity than suspended sludge and bore half weight of total biomass of HMBR system. Under the disturbance of improper waste water, the biofilm surface of the BF showed stronger stability than suspended sludge, which enhanced the nitrogen removal ability and the stability of HMBR system. HMBR could prevent sludge bulking and slow down the pace of membrane fouling effectively and reduce about 15.3% of the extracellular polymer substances.

Numerical Simulation on the Influence of the Relationship of the Impeller Movement and Influent Speed on the Sand Removal Efficiency of the New Rotational Flow Grit Chamber

SHAO Chao, YE Yong, WANG Jia-quan, ZHANG Hui, WANG Gan, HOU Hong-xun, WANG Jing

2012, 2(5): 373-379. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.058

Abstract(3659) PDF(2583KB)(857)

Abstract:
For the new-type rotational flow grit chamber, the MRF model and the Discrete Phase Model were used to analyze the influence on sand removal efficiency of the internal flow field of the grit chamber, the trajectory of sand, the direction of impeller rotation and the relationship of the impeller movement and the water flow rate. The results showed that when the rotation direction of the impeller movement was different, the formation of axial circulation flow field was quite different, and the clockwise rotation was helpful to sand deposition and removal. When the paddle was stationary, the water flow rate had a certain impact on the sand settlement. When the water flow rate was small, more sand was accumulated in the grit chamber, and when the flow rate was larger, the escape rate of the sand also increased. When the water flow rate was constant, the variation of the paddle speed had some impact on the removal of sand. When the paddle speed was small, the formation of the forced vortex was not sufficient to move sand toward the center of the grit chamber. When the speed gradually increased, the formation of radial flow and strong axial flow was not conducive to the settlement and removal of sand.

The Influence of Sulfate on Integrated A/O Wastewater Treatment Systems under Different Starting Modes

JIANG Dan-ni, WU Yi-ning

2012, 2(5): 380-385. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.059

Abstract(3090) PDF(718KB)(999)

Abstract:
A novel type of integrated A/O reactor was used to study influence of addition of sulfate on the starting-up of the integration A/O reactor. The results showed that if without addition of sulfate, CODCr removal rate in anaerobic zone was as high as 93%, and CODCr removal rate in aerobic zone was as high as 90%, after 23 days of start-up period. If with addition of sulfate and the CODCr/SO42- was 5:1, CODCr removal rate in anaerobic zone decreased to 90%, and CODCr removal rate in aerobic zone decreased to 80%. At the same time, the system’s pH, alkalinity, ORP, gas production, gas phase component of CH4, CO2 were respectively stably at 8.0-8.5, 1700 mg/L, -445 mV, 2.8 L/d, 27.9% and 52.5%, which showed that the integration A/O reactor had good stability when treating the wastewater contained sulfate.

The Remediation Adaptability of 2,4-DNT-contaminated Groundwater Using ZPF as Catalyst

ZHANG Jin-bao, JIANG Yong-hai, AN Da, YANG Yu, MA Zhi-fei, WANG Yan-fei

2012, 2(5): 386-389. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.060

Abstract(3276) PDF(448KB)(904)

Abstract:
Batch experiments were conducted to examine the adaptability of catalytic material zeotileartificial pillared by α-FeOOH (ZPF) using as fill-in material in the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) system. The concentration of Fe iron and the degradation of 2, 4-DNT in three circulating experiments using ZPF as catalyst were determined. Then, the ZPF filtrated and collected from the reaction solution was characterized by FTIR. The results demonstrated that the degradation of 2,4-DNT was ultimately stable in the ZPF-H₂O₂ reaction system, and the degradation rate was 48.2%, 43.3%, and 44.6%, respectively. The concentration of Fe ions maintained at low levels, and especially under neutral and alkaline conditions it was less than 0.3 mg/L, thus without changeable structure and secondary pollution toward the groundwater environment. ZPF could be used to repair such pollutants as nitrobenzene in the underground through catalytic oxidation.

Design and Implementation of Basin Water Environmental Information Sharing Platform Based on Geoportal

MA Hong-wang, GAO Zhen-ji, FANG Li, CHEN Yun-wei, HAN Xing-gang

2012, 2(5): 390-395. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.061

Abstract(3544) PDF(1446KB)(1069)

Abstract:
A set of techniques were studied for building a Basin Water Environmental Information Sharing Platform based on Geoportal against water environment information featured by multisource, isomerism, distribution and timeliness. Meanwhile, considering the current situation of information storing, management and use by the water environmental departments, a case of distributed sharing platform was built with the deign idea of service-oriented architecture (SOA). The platform could realize effective data integration of spatial data, attribute data and other formatted data, have the functions of registration, publishing, downloading and harvesting etc., of water environmental information, and provide a timely, accurate, credible data service for basin water environmental risk assessment and warning.

The Design and Realization of the Middleware of Basin Water Environment Risk Assessment and Early Warning System

LI Chao-kui, WU Bai-yan, GAO Zhen-ji, FENG Zhi-yuan, LI Yong

2012, 2(5): 397-402. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.062

Abstract(3339) PDF(1623KB)(903)

Abstract:
Because the geographical data are stored in different table and database, the fields are with the same meaning but different names and the data types are different, sharing data requires a middleware. In view of the heterogeneous data of the national basin water environment, a data sharing platform middleware was developed. The middleware was aimed to establish a kind of data mapping rules and editing mechanism, to shield the heterogeneity between heterogeneous databases, provide the users with the software with mapping and query functions of the basin water environmental risk factors between heterogeneous databases, and integrate a system based on the water environment risk assessment and early warning.

Analysis of Characteristics of Surface Water Quality and Its Influencing Factors in Baoji City

LANG Hai-ou, WANG Wen-jie, GAO Zhen-ji, WANG Ling, LIU Bai-yin

2012, 2(5): 403-409. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.063

Abstract(3405) PDF(890KB)(1310)

Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of surface water quality and their influencing factors in Baoji City, Shannxi Province, specific countermeasures were proposed to provide scientific evidence for surface water pollution controlling．The results demonstrated that the dominant pollutants were organics, and the heavy polluted areas were Caijiapoqiao, Guozhenqiao, Changxingqiao and Wolongsi. Moreover，the pollution gradually increased from upstream to downstream along the river. Surface water quality was generally improved in recent years and was improved markedly in Changxingqiao and Wolongsi of Weihe River mainstream. Though the water pollution was mainly caused by industrialization, living and agricultural pollution could not be ignored. It was suggested that countermeasures including ensuring ecological water demand in river, strengthening the industrial wastewater treatment, increasing domestic sewage treatment and enhancing agricultural pollution control should be carried out to improve the surface water quality of Baoji City.

Evaluation and Optimization of the Industry Chains in Energy and Coal Chemical Industry Bases

GAO Bao, FU Ze-qiang, SHEN Peng, WU Na, XIE Yuan-yuan

2012, 2(5): 410-415. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.064

Abstract(3346) PDF(894KB)(1410)

Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the industrial system of energy and coal chemical industry bases (ECCIBs), several optimization approaches were developed, such as extending the industry chains, broadening the ecologic niches, and strengthening the industry chain coupling. Ningdong ECCIB was selected to be the typical base for further analysis. The food chains (nets) of the base was analyzed and evaluated by the connectance between the enterprises and the waste recycling rate. It was concluded that the total connectance of Ningdong ECCIB was 0.378, which meant closer links existing between the industrial populations in the base, and the industry chains were basically reasonable. The solid waste recycling rate of Ningdong ECCIB was 10.69%, while the wastewater recycling rate was 9.91%, which meant that the solid wastes and the wastewater were not well reused. Accordingly, several optimization approaches were proposed for the Ningdong ECCIB, including carrying out the key technology research, developing complement chain -type industries, and establishing the enterprise alliances.

Analysis of Metabolic Process and Environmental Impact in Energy and Coal Chemical Base

SHEN Peng, FU Ze-qiang, GAO Bao, WU Na, XIE Yuan-yuan

2012, 2(5): 416-421. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.065

Abstract(3032) PDF(790KB)(1583)

Abstract:
The energy and coal chemical bases refer to the industrial clusters which are mainly formed by coal, thermal power, coal chemical and building materials industries within the specific regions. The ecological constructions of energy and coal chemical bases can promote the in situ conversion of coal resources and reducewater consumption, material consumption and pollutant emissions. Through the metabolism analysis, the metabolic wastes were studied and the environmental impacts during the metabolism process determined. The recommendations of environmental protection policies to develop the circular economy and ecological industry in energy and coal chemical bases were proposed in order to reduce and improve the environmental impacts in energy and coal chemical bases.

A Review on the Research of Circular Economy Assessment

XIE Yuan-yuan, FU Ze-qiang

2012, 2(5): 422-427. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.066

Abstract(3236) PDF(986KB)(1426)

Abstract:
Based on dissecting of the multilevel organizational level of circular economy, the assessment scale of circular economy was divided into small cycle, medium cycle and big cycle. Following the architecture principles of circular economy assessment index system, the architecture methods were classified as three methods, i.e. pressure-state-response model, eco-efficiency analysis and flow analysis. The assessment index processing and analysis methods of circular economy were reviewed, the index dimensionless and weighting method and composite index method were put forward, and the index analysis methods were divided into unit longitudinal evaluation, multiple horizontal evaluation and classification and grading evaluation. By summarizing and reviewing existing research achievements of the circular economy assessment，it was pointed that circular economy assessment was essential prerequisite and foundation for scientific guidance and management of circular economy practices, and that building a set of scientific, operational circular economy assessment index system and methods and unified evaluation standards were important research contents of circular economy assessment.

Life Cycle Assessment of Large-scale Piggery for Environmental Assessment

ZHANG Ying, XIA Xun-feng, ZHOU Su-xia, HE Zhuo-shi, MENG Rui, XI Bei-dou

2012, 2(5): 428-432. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.067

Abstract(3398) PDF(624KB)(1860)

Abstract:
Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used to establish inventory of energy consumption and pollutant emission and to assess life-cycle environmental impacts of large-scale piggery, and then the way could be found for lessen negative environmental impacts. Four impact categories were investigated, including energy depletion, eutrophication, global warming and acidification, with the impact indices of 8.38×10^-3, 1.91×10^-3, 9.80×10^-3 and 2.01×10^-2, respectively. The life cycle was divided into three stages, i.e. feed ingredients manufacture, swine rearing and wastes disposal, with the environmental impact complex index of 2.52×10^-2, 1.23×10^-2 and 2.71×10^-3, respectively. The results showed that manufacture of feed ingredients had the largest environmental impact. Therefore, reducing nitrogenous fertilizer consumption and implementing energy-saving and cleaner production in the production of fertilizers were essential to control the life cycle environmental impacts of large-scale piggery.

The Identification of the Priority Controlled Pollutants in Hazardous Waste Landfills

HE Xiao-song, JIANG Yong-hai, LI Min, XI Bei-dou, YANG Yu, AN Da, BAI Shun-guo

2012, 2(5): 433-440. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.068

Abstract(3235) PDF(865KB)(1174)

Abstract:
Data were collected from 36 typical hazardous waste disposal centers, and the landfill number, waste type and landfill capacity investigated based on the data. Furthermore, the priority controlled pollutants were screened out by the integrated score method, and the source analysis of these pollutants conducted. The results showed that there were 27 landfill sites among the 36 typical hazardous waste disposal centers. The Four kinds of priority controlled hazardous wastes in landfill sites were heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Hg, Ba and Pb), heavy metals-like (As), organic matter (petroleum) and inorganic salts (F^- and inorganic CN^-). The major 10 pollutants in sequence were As, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Hg, F^-, Ba, and inorganic CN^- based on their landfill capacity, site distribution, environmental and human harm assessment. These pollutants originated mainly from the electroplating, waste incineration, mining and oil processing.

Solid-state Fermentation Technology and Its Applications in Agro-industrial Wastes Treatment

ZHAO Guo-peng, XI Bei-dou, XIA Xun-feng, WEI Zi-min, LI Ming-xiao, LI Dan, LIU Dong-ming

2012, 2(5): 441-448. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.069

Abstract(2985) PDF(1101KB)(997)

Abstract:
The major components, characteristics and potential threats to the ecological environment of the waste residues from agricultural product processing industry were introduced. The basic principles, reaction conditions and raw materials of solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology were described. The fermentation raw materials and products with high added value of different reactors were summarized briefly. The application of SSF technology in the treatment of the by-products derived from the agricultural products processing industry was focused, and the tremendous potential to transform the industrial residues of agricultural products processing into products with high added value was illustrated. Finally, the inadequacies of SSF technology in China was pointed out, and its development trends and application prospects put forward.

Groundwater Pollution Health Risk Assessment at Non-formal Solid Waste Dumping Sites of a Village in Baiyangdian Lake

LI Ming-xiao, AN Da, YANG Yu, HUO Shou-liang, ZHAO Guo-peng, WAN Shu-ming, SONG Cai-hong

2012, 2(5): 449-455. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.070

Abstract(3351) PDF(812KB)(976)

Abstract:
On the basis of the analysis of the groundwater samples collected from a village located in Baiyangdian Lake, the health risk assessment model recommended by US EPA was applied to evaluate synthetically the local residents’ health risk that was caused by groundwater contamination of non-formal solid waste dumping sites. The results showed that the target contaminants of the village groundwater were NO₃^- -N, NH₄⁺ -N, Cr⁶⁺ and Hg. For exposure public of adults and kids, the health risk via dietary intake exposure path was largely higher than the health risk via dermal intake exposure path; exposure risk of adults via dietary intake was higher than kids via dietary intake and the exposure risk of adults via dermal intake was lower than kids via dermal intake. Among four kinds of target contaminants, Hg risk contribution rate was 98% and ranked the first place. Non-cancerous risk level of groundwater contamination was more than 1, so more attention should be paid to the residents’ health risk caused by non-formal solid waste dumping sites groundwater contamination.

Technology Requirements of PCB Industry Environmental Management

QIN Qi, SONG Qian-wu, WU Zhao-qing, JIANG Ping, DAI Jin-guo, BAI Lu, WANG Hong-yu

2012, 2(5): 456-460. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2012.05.071

Abstract(3066) PDF(652KB)(1051)

Abstract:
As national requirements of industrial energy conservation and emission reduction becomes more and more strict, the printed circuit board (PCB) industry has to solve the environmental treatment problems before better development. The main pollution sources and treatment status of PCB industry, i.e. the treatment status of PCB wastewater, waste etchant and sludge containing copper, were analyzed. The environmental technology requirements of this industry were put forward, including the wastewater treatment technologies for wastewater containing complex state copper, small and mid-sized enterprise wastewater, and PCB wastewater deep treatment and reuse, the waste etchant technologies in regenerating and recycling, and the recycling, stabilization and harmlessness technologies for the sludge containing copper. Suggestions on better solving the environmental problems and health development of this industry were put forward.

2012 Vol. 2, No. 5

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