病死动物无害化处理设备的中试研究

刘云鹏; 侯佳奇; 李保谦; 李鸣晓; 曹金钟; 张润锴; 毋高峰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.06.088

病死动物无害化处理设备的中试研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.06.088

刘云鹏^1,2,,
侯佳奇²,
李保谦^1,*, ,,
李鸣晓^2,*, ,,
曹金钟³,
张润锴¹,
毋高峰¹

1.
河南农业大学机电工程学院,河南郑州 450002
2.
中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012
3.
郑州英莱机电设备有限公司,河南郑州 450000

详细信息

作者简介:
作者简介:刘云鹏(1992—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事固体废物无害化处理,13633801614@163.com

通讯作者:
李保谦 E-mail: nj280@163.com

李鸣晓 E-mail: limingxiao8122@163.com

中图分类号: X705;
计量
- 文章访问数: 468
- HTML全文浏览量: 73
- PDF下载量: 193
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-05-05
- 刊出日期: 2018-11-20

The pilot study of harmless disposing equipment of diseased dead animals

LIU Yunpeng^{1,2
,},
HOU Jiaqi²,
LI Baoqian^{1,*
, ,},
LI Mingxiao^{2,*
, ,},
CAO Jinzhong³,
ZHANG Runkai¹,
WU Gaofeng¹

1.
College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2.

2.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
3.Zhengzhou Yinglai Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Baoqian E-mail: nj280@163.com; LI Mingxiao E-mail: limingxiao8122@163.com

摘要

摘要: 针对病死动物无害化处理过程中,由于将切割和搅拌分开处理易造成二次污染的问题,结合撕碎机和饲料搅拌机的特点,设计了一种可同时完成切割和搅拌功能的刀尺。通过对切割原理分析,将切割线偏离转动中心,实现滑切效果;采用圆弧设计刀刃,改善刀身受力,增加刀刃线长度,使切割更平稳;通过单因素试验确定拨料板与刀面的最佳搅拌夹角为70°;采用导热油间接加热,具有稳定性高、传热性佳等优点。经理论计算,设备所选电机功率为3 kW,额定转速为1 440 r/min;减速器选用斜齿轮式减速器,速比为1 000。中试试验表明:刀尺能完成切割和搅拌的功能;10~20 h内物料温度波动较明显,约20 h后,温度波动不明显;处理产物对猪瘟病毒等的检测结果均为阴性,实现无害化处理;产物的含水率为23%,pH为5.7,种子发芽率(GI)为80%,TN浓度为3.1%,TP浓度为2.1%,粪大肠菌群数为0,均满足NY 525—2012《有机肥料》的要求,实现了与肥料化的对接。
- 病死动物 /
- 无害化处理 /
- 有机肥 /
- 切割 /
- 搅拌
Abstract: During the harmless disposal of diseased dead animal, the secondary pollution could be generated from the separation of the cutting and mixing processes. Aiming at this problem, in combination with the characteristics of the shredder and the feed mixer, a kind of cutting blade that could simultaneously complete the functions of cutting and mixing was designed. By analyzing the cutting principle, the cutting-line was deviated from the rotation center to achieve the “sliding cut” effect. The blade was designed with circular arc to improve the distribution of stress, and the blade length was increased to make the cutting more stable. The optimal mixing angle between the switch plate and the cutting blade was determined to be 70° by single factor experiment. The equipment adopts the indirect heating heat transfer oil, which has the advantages of high stability and good heat transfer. Through the theoretical calculation, the motor power of the equipment was selected at 3 kW, with the rated speed of 1 440 r/min. The helical gear reducer was selected for reducer with the speed ratio of 1 000. The pilot test showed that the blade could basically complete the function of cutting and mixing. It needed about 20 h to heat up the material and main the temperature at over 90 ℃, while the temperature fluctuation was obvious within 10-20 h. The test result of pestivirus suis, etc. for the disposed products were all negative, showing that harmless disposal had been achieved. The moisture content of the product is 23%, with pH 5.7, seed germination rate 80%, total nitrogen 3.1% and total phosphorus 2.1%, all achieving the requirement of Organic Fertilizer Standard (NY 525-2012).
- diseased dead animal /
- harmless disposal /
- fertilizer /
- cutting /
- mixing

HTML全文

参考文献(32)

[1]	刘艳红,马永刚.泸西县2017年畜禽疫病死亡率调查报告[J].现代畜牧科技,2018(3):17.
[2]	韩斐. 河南省病死猪无害化处理现状调查研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016. HAN F.Investigation on the situation of environmentally sound disposal of swine mortalities in Henan Province[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2016.
[3]	郭东坡. 死猪堆肥关键影响参数的试验研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013. GUO D P.Studies on keel operation parameters of dead-pig composting[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.
[4]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.病害动物和病害动物产品生物安全处理规程:GB 16548—2006[S/OL].(2012-04-05)[2018-04-15].
[5]	SELVAM A,ZHAO Z,WONG J W.Composting of swine manure spiked with sulfadiazine,chlortetracycline and ciprofloxacin[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,126(12):412-417.
[6]	NATHAN E D, HELDUR H, FRANCIS X M,et al.Effects of composting swine manure on nutrients and estrogens[J].Soil Science,2011,176(2):91-98.
[7]	NESLIHAN A,JACEK A K,HEEKWON A,et al.Field scale evaluation of volatile organic compound production inside biosecure swine mortality composts[J].Waste Management,2010,30(10):1981-1988.
[8]	THOMAS D G,HEEKWON A,NESLIHAN A,et al.Performance of a plastic-wrapped composting system for biosecure emergency disposal of disease-related swine mortalities[J].Waste Management,2016,48:483-491.
[9]	曲祖乙. 病死动物无害化处理罐及其配套技术的研究与应用[J].中国猪业,2015,10(4):52-54.
[10]	徐进京,钱袁萍,徐向红.动物尸体无害化处理系统设备的研制[J].沙洲职业工学院学报,2014,17(1):33-37. XU J J,QIAN Y P, XU X H.Development of the harmless disposing system and equipment for animal bodies[J].Journal of Shazhou Professional Institute of Technology,2014,17(1):33-37.
[11]	尚斌,周谈龙,董红敏,等.生物过滤法去除死猪堆肥排放臭气效果的中试[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):226-232. SHANG B,ZHOU T L,DONG H M,et al.Pilot scale test on removal effect of odor from pig manure and carcass composting by biofiltration[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(11):226-232.
[12]	陶秀萍,郭东坡,董红敏,等.冬季死猪与猪粪同步堆肥运行效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):218-224. TAO X P,GUO D P,DONG H M,et al.Operation effects of dead pigs composted with swine manure in winter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(22):218-224.
[13]	张秀丽,刘云鹏,李连豪,等.有机肥生产中的多段式搅龙设计与性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(3):49-56. ZHANG X L,LIU Y P,LI L H,et al.Design and performance experiment of multi-segment type auger in process of organic fertilizer production[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(3):49-56.
[14]	濮良贵,陈国定,吴立言.机械设计[M].9版.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2013.
[15]	王巧环,任玉芬,孟龄,等.元素分析仪同时测定土壤中全氮和有机碳[J].分析试验室,2013,32(10):41-45. WANG Q H,REN Y F,MENG L,et al.Simultaneous determination of total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil with an elemental analyzer[J].Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory,2013,32(10):41-45.
[16]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17]	李洋,席北斗,赵越,等.不同物料堆肥腐熟度评价指标的变化特性[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(6):623-627. LI Y,XI B D,ZHAO Y,et al.Study of maturity parameter characteristics in composting process using different materials[J].Research of Environmental Science,2014,27(6):623-627.
[18]	张旭,席北斗,赵越,等.有机废弃物堆肥培肥土壤的氮矿化特性研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2448-2455. ZHANG X,XI B D,ZHAO Y,et al.Characteristics of organic nitrogen mineralization in organic waste compost amended soil[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(6):2448-2455.
[19]	PARK K J,CHOI M H,HONG J H.Control of composting odor using biofiltration[J].Compost Science & Utilization,2002,10(4):356-362.
[20]	杨延梅,席北斗,刘鸿亮,等.餐厨垃圾堆肥理化特性变化规律研究[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(2):72-77. YANG Y M,XI B D,LIU H L,et al.Study on the change of physicochemical characteristics of food wastes during aerobic composting[J].Research of Environmental Science,2007,20(2):72-77.
[21]	BERNAL M P,ALBURQUERQUE J A,MORAL R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,100(22):5444-5453.
[22]	LI Q,WANG X C,ZHANG H H,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen transformation and microbial community in an aerobic composting reactor under two typical temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,137:270-277.
[23]	CONFESSOR R B,HAMLETT J M,SHANNON R D,et al.Movement of nitrogen and phosphorus downslope and beneath a manure and organic waste composting site[J].Compost Science & Utilization,2007,15(2):119-126.
[24]	宋影,郭素娟,张丽,等.板栗产区有机堆肥产物磷形态特征及其对叶片磷含量的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):1262-1271. SONG Y,GUO S J,ZHANG L,et al.Characterization of phosphorus forms in organic composts and their effects on leaf phosphorus content of castanea mollissima in Chinese chestnut producing area[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(3):1262-1271.
[25]	邓佳,胡梦坤,赵秀兰,等.不同有机物料中的磷形态特征研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1098-1104. DENG J,HU M K,ZHAO X L,et al.Characterization of phosphorus forms in different organic materials[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(3):1098-1104.
[26]	袁京,何胜洲,李国学,等.添加不同辅料对污泥堆肥腐熟度及气体排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊2):241-246. YUAN J,HE S Z,LI G X,et al.Different additives on evaluation of maturity and gaseous emissions during sewage sludge composting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(Suppl 2):241-246.
[27]	NAKASAKI K,MARUI T.Progress of organic matter degradation and maturity of compost produced in a large-scale composting facility[J].Waste Management & Research,2011,29(6):574-581.
[28]	JIANG J S,HUANG H,HUANG Y M,et al.Relationship between maturity and microbial communities during pig manure composting by phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) and correlation analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,206:532-539.
[29]	BERNAL M P,ALBURQUERQUE J A,MORAL R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,100(22):5444-5453.
[30]	农业部.有机肥料:NY525—2012[S/OL].(2014-03-05)[2018-04-15].
[31]	宋光桃,付美云,曾雷.猪粪与生活垃圾混合堆肥的微生物数量变化研究[J].南华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,22(2):24-27. SONG G T,FU M Y,ZENG L.Research on microorgan quantity change of swine manure and living refuse mix compost[J].Journal of University of South China(Science and Technology),2008,22(2):24-27.
[32]	龚春明,王晓丹,顾卫兵,等.堆肥中大肠菌群等粪便污染指标菌的残留状况调查[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1595-1600. GONG C M,WANG X D,GU W B,et al.Investigation on survival of coliform bacteria in various composts[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(8):1595-1600.