典型石化企业地面火炬挥发性有机物及温室气体排放特征与环境影响

卜梦雅; 张钢锋; 杜天君

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230677

典型石化企业地面火炬挥发性有机物及温室气体排放特征与环境影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230677

上海市环境科学研究院

基金项目: 上海市“科技创新行动计划”国际科技合作项目（22230713500）；上海市生态环境局科研项目（沪环科〔2022〕4号）；上海市环境科学研究院创新基金项目（CX2021200329）

详细信息

作者简介:
卜梦雅（1994—），女，工程师，硕士，主要从事石化行业碳污协同减排及绿色发展研究，bumengya@163.com

通讯作者:
张钢锋（1983—），男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事大气领域减污降碳政策及技术研究，gf.zh@foxmail.com

中图分类号: X511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-18
- 录用日期: 2023-12-13
- 修回日期: 2023-10-19

Characteristics and environmental impact of VOCs and greenhouse gas emissions from ground flares of typical petrochemical enterprises

Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
针对我国石化行业减污降碳形势严峻的现实，以具有百万吨乙烯裂解能力的某石化企业中2座地面火炬为研究对象，通过现场采样监测和模型计算，系统探讨了火炬燃烧过程中挥发性有机物（VOCs）和温室气体的排放特征。结果表明：A、B 2座火炬2021年VOCs排放量分别为310.56和77.38 t/a，烯烃是主要排放组分；温室气体排放以含碳化合物燃烧转化产生的CO₂为主，排放量约占火炬CO₂排放总量的99.98%；2座火炬的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）分别为3 011.72和628.97 t/a，乙烯和丙烯分别是A、B火炬OFP的主要贡献者，贡献率分别为39.52%和44.91%；2座火炬年全球增温潜势（GWP）分别为5 806.92和1 148.46 t/a（以CO₂当量计），其中CO₂的贡献最大，其导致的直接温室效应是CH₄的25.12~35.46倍，是VOCs排放间接导致温室效应的6.64~7.24倍。
- 石化行业 /
- 火炬 /
- 挥发性有机物 /
- 温室气体 /
- 臭氧生成潜势 /
- 全球增温潜势
Abstract:
In response to the severe situation of pollution and carbon reduction in China's petrochemical industry, two ground flares in a petrochemical company with millions of tons of ethylene cracking capacity were studied. Through on-site sampling monitoring and model calculation, the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases from the flares during the combustion process were systematically explored. The results showed that VOCs emissions from Flare A and B in 2021 were 310.56 and 77.38 t/a, respectively, with olefins as the main emitted components. Greenhouse gas emissions were dominated by CO₂ generated from the conversion of carbon-containing compounds into combustion, accounting for about 99.98% of the total CO₂ emissions from flares. The ozone formation potential (OFP) of Flare A and B was 3 011.72 and 628.97 t/a, respectively, and ethylene and propylene were the main contributors to OFP of Flare A and B, with contribution rate of 39.52% and 44.91%, respectively. The global warming potential (GWP) of the two flares was 5 806.92 and 1 148.46 t/a CO₂eq, respectively, with CO₂ contributing the most, leading to a direct greenhouse effect which was 25.12-35.46 times that of CH₄, and 6.64-7.24 times that of the greenhouse effect indirectly caused by VOCs emissions.
- petrochemical industry /
- flare /
- volatile organic compounds /
- greenhouse gases /
- ozone formation potential (OFP) /
- global warming potential (GWP)

HTML全文

图 1 火炬的VOCs排放组分特征

Figure 1. Characteristics of VOCs emission components from flares

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图 2 2座火炬每季度的温室气体排放特征

Figure 2. Quarterly GHG emission characteristics of the two flares

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图 3 第一季度A火炬气日平均排放速率

Figure 3. Average daily flare gas flow from Flare A in the first quarter

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图 4 火炬每季度VOCs排放量贡献

Figure 4. Contribution of VOCs emissions per quarter from the flares

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图 5 火炬每季度VOCs排放的OFP贡献

Figure 5. OFP contribution of VOCs emitted per quarter from the flares

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图 6 火炬排放中OFP贡献前10位的VOCs物种

Figure 6. Top 10 VOCs species contributing to OFP in flare emissions

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图 7 2座火炬直接与间接的温室气体排放影响

Figure 7. Direct and indirect GHG emission impacts of the two flares

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表 1 研究对象的基本信息

Table 1. Basic information of research objects

火炬	具体组成	最大设计流量/(t/h)	进口压力/ kPa	最大允许背压/kPa
A	由烯烃装置区的火炬总管、分液罐及凝液泵、水封罐、燃烧装置组成	1 800	100	200
B	由苯乙烯装置、聚烯烃装置以及来自球罐区、燃料气系统、低温罐区、乙烯管网、丙烯码头管线、天然气计量站、氢气计量站的火炬总管、分液罐、凝液泵、水封罐、燃烧装置组成	800	100	200

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表 2 火炬气组分中具有温室气体效应的VOCs物种CO₂排放量转换系数

Table 2. Conversion factors for CO₂ emissions of VOCs species with an indirect effect on GHGs in the flares

VOCs	分子式	α
乙烷	C₂H₆	5.5
乙烯	C₂H₄	3.7
丙烯	C₃H₆	1.8
丙烷	C₃H₈	3.3
异丁烷	C₄H₁₀	4.0
正丁烷	C₄H₁₀	4.0
甲苯	C₇H₈	3.7

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表 3 火炬VOCs排放量贡献前10位的VOCs物种

Table 3. Top 10 VOCs species contributing to VOCs emissions from flares t/a　

排名	A火炬		B火炬
排名	VOCs物种	2021年排放量	VOCs物种	2021年排放量
1	乙烯	106.16	丙烯	25.54
2	丙烯	68.8	1-丁烯	10.57
3	乙烷	29.26	乙烯	9.66
4	1,3-丁二烯	16.98	1,3-丁二烯	7.04
5	异丁烯	16.88	乙烷	5.97
6	C5~C8类	16.37	正戊烷	4.74
7	正丁烷	13.11	异丁烯	4.62
8	反-2-丁烯	13.05	丙烷	2.68
9	1-丁烯	8.15	正丁烷	1.92
10	顺丁烯	7.87	异戊烷	1.72

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