冶炼厂周边农用地土壤重金属非致癌健康风险评估及修正

吴健芳; 王红梅

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230517

冶炼厂周边农用地土壤重金属非致癌健康风险评估及修正

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230517

吴健芳,
王红梅^,

中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC1809104）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴健芳(1994—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤风险评价及管理研究，wjianfang2022@163.com

通讯作者:
王红梅(1971—)，女，研究员，博士，主要从事环境污染与风险控制研究，wanghmxj@163.com

中图分类号: X171
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-13
- 录用日期: 2023-10-25
- 修回日期: 2023-09-27
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-01

Assessment and amendment methods of heavy metal non-carcinogenic health risks in agricultural land around smelters

WU Jianfang,
WANG Hongmei^,

Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
为科学量化重金属复合暴露产生的非致癌健康风险，引入靶器官毒性剂量（TTD）模型和证据权重分析模型（WOE）对传统评估模型（HRA）的非致癌健康风险进行修正，并以华中某冶炼厂周边农用地土壤重金属为例，探究3种模型对非致癌健康风险评估结果的影响。结果表明：土壤重金属镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、铬（Cr）和砷（As）的浓度均值分别为0.37、36.65、69.06和7.66 mg/kg，其中Cd、Pb和Cr不同程度超出研究区土壤背景值，4种重金属传统非致癌健康风险值（HI_HRA）为2.27×10⁻³~3.35×10⁻¹。经TTD模型和WOE模型修正后4种重金属HI_TTD和HI_WOE分别为1.64×10⁻²~5.50×10⁻¹和1.08×10⁻²~6.09×10⁻¹，其中HI_TTD、HI_WOE均值分别为HI_HRA均值的1.88倍和1.17倍。研究显示，对多种重金属复合污染的农用地开展人体非致癌健康风险评估时，需考虑多靶器官效应及重金属间的交互作用，避免传统风险评估方法低估或高估土壤污染对暴露人群产生的实际健康损害。
- 土壤 /
- 重金属 /
- 健康风险 /
- 靶器官毒性剂量模型 /
- 证据权重模型
Abstract:
To scientifically quantify the non-carcinogenic health risks of soil combined polluted by heavy metals, the Target Organ Toxicity Dose (TTD) model and Weight of Evidence (WOE) analysis model were introduced to modify the non-carcinogenic health risks assessed by traditional human risk assessment (HRA) model. Adults health risks of heavy metals in agricultural soils surrounding a smelting plant in Central China by using the three methods were compared as a field case. The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) in the soil were 0.37, 36.65, 69.06, and 7.66 mg/kg, respectively. Among them, Cd, Pb, and Cr exceeded the soil background values to varying degrees. Non-carcinogenic health risk values assessed by HRA (HI_HRA) for these four heavy metals ranged from 2.27×10⁻³ to 3.35×10⁻¹. Amended by TTD and WOE model, HI_TTD and HI_WOE values for the four heavy metals ranged from 1.64×10⁻² to 5.50×10⁻¹ and from 1.08×10⁻² to 6.09×10⁻¹, respectively. The average values of HI_TTD and HI_WOE were 1.88 and 1.17 times higher than that of HI_HRA, respectively. The study emphasized the importance to consider the multi-target organs effect of a specific heavy metals and the interactions among the heavy metals for assessing the non-carcinogenic health risks on agricultural land contaminated with multiple heavy metals. This approach helps to prevent the limitations of traditional risk assessment methods, which may not accurately reflect the real health hazards posed by polluted soil to the population exposed to it.
- soil /
- heavy metals /
- health risk /
- target organ toxicity dose model /
- weight of evidence analysis model

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图 1 研究区采样点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling points in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 土壤重金属间相关性分析

注：*、**分别表示在95%和99%置信区间内统计结果显著。

Figure 2. Correlation analysis between heavy metals in soil

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图 3 研究区土壤重金属日均暴露量和非致癌健康风险

Figure 3. Soil daily exposure to heavy metals and non-carcinogenic health risks in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 经TTD模型修正的非致癌健康风险

Figure 4. Results of non-carcinogenic health risk amended by TTD

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 经WOE模型修正的非致癌健康风险

Figure 5. Results of non-carcinogenic health risk amended by WOE analysis model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 人群（成人）暴露评估及重金属毒性参数

Table 1. Population (adult) exposure assessment and heavy metal toxicity parameters

参数	含义	数值	数据来源
C_i	土壤中污染物的浓度/(mg/kg)	监测值	本研究
OSIR	日均摄入率/(mg/d)	100	文献[31-32]
EF	暴露频次/(d/a)	350	文献[31-32]
ED	暴露时间/a	24	文献[31-32]
BW	平均体重/kg	61.8	文献[31-32]
AT	平均暴露时间/d	9 125	文献[31-32]
ABS_o	经口摄入吸收效率因子，无量纲	1	文献[31-32]
RfD_As	经口摄入As参考剂量/〔mg/(kg·d)〕	3×10⁻⁴	文献[31-34]
RfD_Cd	经口摄入Cd参考剂量/〔mg/(kg·d)〕	1×10⁻³	文献[31-34]
RfD_Cr	经口摄入Cr参考剂量/〔mg/(kg·d)〕	3×10⁻³	文献[31-34]
RfD_Pb	经口摄入Pb参考剂量/〔mg/(kg·d)〕	3.5×10⁻³	文献[31-34]

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表 2 重金属经口暴露靶器官毒性剂量

Table 2. TTD value in target organs for oral exposure to heavy metals

靶器官	As/（mg/kg）	Cr/（mg/kg）	Pb/（μg/dL）	Cd/（mg/kg）
神经	0.0003	0.0100	100	0.0002
肾脏	0.0900	0.0100	340	0.0050
血液	0.0006	0.003	100	0.0008
睾丸	—	0.005	400	0.0003

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 重金属As、Cd、Cr和Pb神经、肾脏、血液和睾丸证据二元权重得分(B)

Table 3. Value of WOE for neurological, renal, hematological, and testicular toxicity exposure to Cd, As, Cr, and Pb

	神经	肾脏	血液	睾丸
协同作用	Pb+As(0.50)		Cr+As(0.75)	Pb+Cd(0.71)
	As+Pb(0.50)			Cd+Pb(0.71)
	Cd+Pb(0.10)
	Cr+As(0.75)
拮抗作用	As+Cr(−0.5)	Pb+As(0.50)	Pb+As(−0.5)	As+Cd(−0.14)
		As+Pb(−0.50)	As+Pb(−0.50)	As+Cr(0.06)
		As+Cr(−0.50)	As+Cd(0.23)
		Cd+Pb(−0.75)	As+Cr(0.06)
		Cr+As(−0.50)	Cd+Pb(0.23)
			Cd+As(0.23)

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 研究区土壤pH、重金属浓度特征

Table 4. Characteristics of pH and heavy metal contents of soil in the study area

指标	平均值/ (mg/kg)	最大值/ (mg/kg)	最小值/ (mg/kg)	背景值/ (mg/kg)	变异系数/%
Cd	0.37	8.28	0.01	0.11	214
Pb	36.65	109.50	4.80	32.10	52
Cr	69.06	223.75	4.00	48.00	59
As	7.66	41.40	0.15	14.90	89
pH^1）	5.10	7.84	4.24	—	20
1）无量纲。

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