Evaluation on greenhouse gas emission reduction of the whole county's promotion project of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization
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摘要:
为探究整县推进畜禽粪污资源化利用项目实施前后粪污处置环节温室气体排放量变化，参考IPCC气候指南对X市新建粪污处置工程各环节进行核算评估。结果表明：净碳排放量方面，按实施方案推进后的净碳排放量为479.31 t（以二氧化碳当量计，下同），相较于项目实施前减少了21 172.81 t；单位牲畜粪污处置碳排放量方面，项目实施后单位牲畜粪污处置碳排放降低513.48 kg，降低了97.79%；不同处理工艺单位牲畜粪污处理碳排放方面，好氧堆肥相较于粪便露天堆放降低了50%，密闭式厌氧发酵相较于厌氧氧化塘碳排放降低了83.04%。基于以上评估结果，建议应用固体粪便覆膜好氧堆肥、液体粪污密闭贮存发酵和粪肥全量还田模式，推进县域粪污处置温室气体排放进一步降低。
Abstract:In order to explore the change of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of manure disposal before and after the implementation of the whole county's promotion project of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization, referring to IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,, the accounting and assessment of the new manure disposal engineerings in X City was carried out. The results showed that the net carbon emission was 479.31 t (in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent, the same below) after project implementation according to the executed solution, and compared to that before project implementation, it was reduced by 21172.81 t. The carbon emission per unit of livestock waste disposal was reduced by 513.48 kg, a decrease of 97.79% after project implementation according to the executed solution. In terms of carbon emission from livestock manure disposal by different processing units, the carbon emission of aerobic composting was reduced by 50% compared with that of open-air manure storge, and the carbon emission of closed anaerobic fermentation was reduced by 83.04% compared with that of anaerobic oxidation pond. Based on the above evaluation results, it was recommended to apply the model of solid manure mulching aerobic compost, liquid manure closed storage fermentation and manure full return to the field, to further reduce the GHG emissions of manure disposal.
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图 1 项目实施前后温室气体排放量
Figure 1. Greenhouse gas emissions before and after project implementation
图 3 不同工艺单位牲畜粪污处理碳排放
Figure 3. Carbon emissions per unit of livestock manure disposal by different processes
表 1 二污普公布的不同畜种年均TN排泄量
Table 1. Annual total nitrogen excretion of different breeds in the second national polluting sources survey
kg/头 区域 肉牛 奶牛 猪 鸡 规上 规下 规上 规下 规上 规下 规上 规下 华北 30.6 33.6 73.1 73.1 9.0 9.0 0.6 0.5 东北 29.2 26.1 61.4 61.4 9.9 14.4 0.5 0.6 华东 32.2 45.6 62.5 72.4 16.8 10.5 0.6 0.7 中南 24.0 50.3 49.0 44.4 12.6 12.6 0.5 0.5 西南 27.4 51.5 59.0 41.9 13.8 13.8 0.5 0.4 西北 37.4 37.4 77.1 77.1 11.7 14.4 0.6 0.6 
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表 2 IPCC不同畜种氮排泄量以及可挥发物质排泄量
Table 2. Nitrogen excretion and volatile substances excretion of different breeds in IPCC
kg/头 种类 饲养阶段 氮排泄量 可挥发物质排泄量 规上 规下 规上 规下 奶牛 — — — 1 433.90 1 192.09 肉牛 — — — 769.42 1 166.83 蛋鸡 — — — 4.65 2.80 肉鸡 — — — 5.69 4.37 鸭子 — 0.82 0.82 7.29 7.29 生猪 育肥猪 — — 104.24 130.09 妊娠母猪 — — 134.32 160.09 绵羊 — 5.26 5.26 93.91 93.91 山羊 — 3.10 3.10 91.10 91.10 貂 — 6.70 6.70 5.11 5.11 鹿 — 29.35 29.35 142.35 142.35 骡 — 21.83 21.83 341.64 341.64 驴 — 21.83 21.83 341.64 341.64 马 — 39.96 39.96 625.46 625.46 貉 — 17.65 17.65 5.11 5.11 兔 — 5.91 5.91 3.65 3.65 鸵鸟 — 14.89 14.89 423.55 423.55
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表 3 燃料排放因子默认值
Table 3. Default values for fuel emission factors
t/t 能源种类 排放因子 无烟煤 2.52 烟煤 1.74 汽油 2.93 柴油 3.10 天然气 21.62
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表 4 还田环节养分留存量
Table 4. Nutrient retention in the process of returning farmland by different disposal technologies
%
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表 5 全国农田土壤碳利用效率
Table 5. Carbon use efficiency of national farmland soil
% 地区 农田土壤碳利用效率 西北 25.7 东北黑土区 23.0 华北 13.3 华南红壤旱地 9.9 长江流域 10.8 注：数据来源于《中国土壤肥力演变》[26]。
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表 6 实施方案新建及扩建畜禽粪污处理内容
Table 6. New and expanded livestock and poultry waste disposal contents in the implementation plan
养殖主体 匹配畜种 处理规模
（头/只/羽）项目实施前
处理方式项目实施后
处理方式建设规模/m3 规模化养殖企业1 生猪（存） 10 000 氧化塘 黑膜厌氧池 14 600 规模化养殖企业2 生猪 20 000 氧化塘 黑膜厌氧池 规模化养殖企业3 蛋鸡 105 200 固体储存 膜堆肥 400 养殖户/散户若干 生猪 1 259 露天堆放 堆粪棚 2 080 肉牛 166 露天堆放 蛋鸡 73 335 露天堆放 生猪 1 259 敞口贮存 三级贮存池 1 020 肉牛 166 单级贮存池 蛋鸡 54 700 露天堆放 膜堆肥 195 集中处理中心（2个） 生猪 11 700 露天堆放 膜堆肥 2 100 蛋鸡 339 500 露天堆放
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表 7 数据选取依据
Table 7. Data selection basis
数据选取 项目 取值 数据来源 固、液体粪污
总氮各占50%固体粪便
氮素占比/%50 文献[28] 固、液体粪污挥
发性固体各占50%
（以西南区生猪
养殖为例）畜禽粪便
含水率/%69.22±3.89 文献[29] 63.2~68.4 文献[30] 84.2 文献[31] 固体粪便挥发性
固体含量/%71.96±0.69 文献[29] 74.4~81.8 文献[30] 固体粪污产量/kg 298.19 文献[16] 可挥发固体
排泄量/kg104.24 文献[15] 粪污资源化
利用率为80%当地公布数据 注：固体挥发性固体占比=[（1－粪便含水率）×粪便挥发性固体含量×固体粪污产量]/可挥发固体排泄量。
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