Field testing of pilot-scale bioslurry reactor for coking contaminated site: a case study in Anhui Province
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摘要:
多环芳烃（PAHs）尤其是高环PAHs作为焦化污染场地的特征污染物，是一种高毒性、难降解的污染物。生物泥浆生物反应器技术由于具有较高的可调控性，且对难溶解有机物的去除效果好，是一种具有工程化前景的土壤修复工艺。采用自主研发的1 m3泥浆反应罐和商业化的PAHs降解菌剂，在代表性污染土壤进行中试试验，探索了接种菌剂后微生物群落结构变化、优化含固率和微生物反应关键参数的波动范围。结果表明：微生物在营养物质的刺激下，第3~6周快速增殖，其中Hydrogenophaga、Sphingomonadaceae、Pseudomonas等菌属增殖明显，可能参与了PAHs的降解；具有代表性的高环PAHs污染物苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘浓度从几倍于GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量 建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》一类建设用地的管控目标值降至修复目标值以下。针对国内缺少实际场地中试规模数据的问题，获得可靠的泥浆反应器运行数据，有助于推动泥浆生物反应器技术在国内向工程化规模扩展。
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关键词:
- 多环芳烃（PAHs） /
- 生物降解 /
- 泥浆反应器 /
- 中试 /
- 焦化污染场地
Abstract:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially high-molecular-weight PAHs, are the characteristic pollutants in coking contaminated sites, which are documented as highly toxic and recalcitrant to degrade. Due to the high controllability and high efficiency for insoluble organic pollutants, bioslurry reactor technology is a promising engineering process for soil remediation. To explore the variations of microbial communities after inoculation, and optimize the fluctuation range of solid content and the key parameters of microbial reaction, a self-developed 1 m3 slurry reactor tank combined with commercialized PAHs-degrading agent was adopted to conduct a pilot test at a representative contaminated field. The results showed that the microorganisms grew rapidly at the 3rd to 6th week under the stimulation of nutrients, reflected by the obvious proliferation of genus such as Hydrogenophaga, Sphingomonadaceae, and Pseudomonas, which were likely involved in the degradation of PAHs. Meanwhile, the concentrations of representative high molecular weight PAHs, namely benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene, were reduced from several times the control target of Class 1 of building land in Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil contamination of Development Land (Trial) (GB 36600-2018) to below the target value. In view of the lack of actual site pilot scale data in China, this study obtained reliable bioslurry reactor operation data and promoted the technology to engineering scale in China.
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表 1 试验土壤污染情况
Table 1. Contamination level of sampling soil
mg/kg 污染物 样品1 样品2 一类建设用地标准 Zn 51.0 45.0 15 017 Pb 29.0 28.0 400 As 14.7 15.0 20 石油烃 408.0 460.0 826 苯并[a]蒽 12.1 15.5 5.5 苯并[b]荧蒽 31.7 40.1 5.5 苯并[k]荧蒽 31.0 39.2 55 苯并[a]芘 20.8 25.9 0.55 二苯并[a,h]蒽 6.7 9.3 0.55 茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘 23.0 27.8 5.5 
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表 2 菌剂多样性分析
Table 2. Analysis of microbial diversity
样品 生物多样性指数 ACE Chao1 Simpson Shannon 空白对照 309.53 309.38 0.49 2.51 T50 281.03 280.64 0.14 0.78 T100 283.77 285.61 0.11 0.67 T200 284.54 285.88 0.12 0.68
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