基于实测的超低排放燃煤电厂砷、硒、铅迁移与排放特性

陈夏盟; 王华生; 曹元明; 邓双; 张辰; 龙红艳; 郭凤艳

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230076

基于实测的超低排放燃煤电厂砷、硒、铅迁移与排放特性

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230076

陈夏盟^1,,
王华生^{1, 3},
曹元明^{1, 4},
邓双^{1, 2, ,},
张辰¹,
龙红艳¹,
郭凤艳¹

1.
中国环境科学研究院大气环境研究所
2.
环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
3.
中国科学院过程工程研究所
4.
华北电力大学(保定), 环境科学与工程学院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFB0605101）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈夏盟（1993—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事大气污染控制研究，282498311@qq.com

通讯作者:
邓双（1972—），女，研究员，主要从事大气污染控制技术及对策研究，dengshuang@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X701
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-03
- 录用日期: 2023-04-04
- 修回日期: 2023-03-18

Investigation on migrations and fates of arsenic, selenium and lead in ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants based on field measurement

1.
Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
4.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University (Baoding)

摘要

摘要:
选择煤粉炉（PC）和循环流化床（CFB）超低排放燃煤电厂开展实测研究，同步采集烟气净化装置（APCDs）前后烟气样品进行分析；并同时采集分析入炉煤、飞灰、底渣、省煤器（LTE）灰、脱硫浆液和湿式电除尘器（WESP）废水等样品，以揭示砷（As）、硒（Se）和铅（Pb）迁移与排放特性。结果表明：两家电厂APCDs对烟气中As、Se和Pb的总协同脱除率达到96%，净烟气中污染物浓度低，分别为0.13~0.49、1.05~2.15和0.86~3.19 μg/m³；不同APCDs的协同脱除率存在较大差异，其中布袋除尘器（FF）最高（99.56%~99.74%），静电除尘器（ESP）次之（85.61%~98.44%），湿法烟气脱硫（WFGD）的脱除率波动较大，WESP脱除率为11.61%~55.08%。燃煤中As、Se和Pb大部分迁移到飞灰中，占比为74.38%~95.24%；CFB底渣占比为3.51%~24.08%；LTE灰占比为5.85%~12.11%；脱硫浆液中均低于6%；WESP废水和出口烟气中占比最低，分别为0.68%和0.62%。相对于煤粉炉，循环流化床电厂底渣中As和Pb富集性更高；而对于Se，则燃烧方式无明显影响，但其在净烟气中占比高于As和Pb。
- 超低排放 /
- 燃煤电厂 /
- 重金属 /
- 排放特性 /
- 迁移
Abstract:
Extensive field tests were performed in ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants (ULE CFPPs), respectively installed with pulverized coal (PC) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers to investigate the migrations and fates of heavy metals such as arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb). Flue gas was simultaneously sampled at the inlet and outlet of each air pollution control devices (APCDs) and subsequently analyzed. Meanwhile, the samples of feed coal, fly ash, bottom ash, low-temperature economizer (LTE) ash, wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) slurry, and wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) wastewater were collected for analyses. The results showed that the total synergistic removal efficiencies for As, Se, and Pb by APCDs in the two selected ULE CFPPs were all higher than 96%. The concentrations of pollutants in the clean flue gas were low, with As, Se, and Pb being 0.13-0.49, 1.05-2.15 and 0.86-3.19 μg/m³, respectively. Significant discrepancies were found in APCDs performance for heavy metal removal. The removal efficiency of fabric filter (FF) for As, Se, and Pb was the highest (99.56%-99.74%), followed by electrostatic precipitator (ESP) (85.61%-98.44%), while WFGD had a large fluctuation in the removal efficiency. WESP efficiency varied in the range of 11.61%-55.08%. The majority of As, Se, and Pb (74.38%-95.24%) were found in fly ash for the tested power plants. 3.51%-24.08% of these heavy metals remained in the bottom ash for CFB boiler. For PC boiler, 5.85%-12.11% of the metals were in LTE ash. They were below 6% in WFGD slurry. Around 0.68% and 0.62% of the metals were found in WESP drainage and outlet flue gas. More As and Pb were enriched in the bottom ash for CFB boiler in comparison with PC boiler. In terms of Se, no obvious effect of combustion modes was observed since it had relatively higher volatility. Its proportion in the clean flue gas was much higher than As and Pb for the two tested power plants.
- ultra-low emission /
- coal-fired power plant /
- heavy metal /
- emission characteristics /
- migration

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图 1 采样点示意图

Figure 1. Schematics of the sampling sites

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图 2 电厂A、B系统的重金属As、Se、Pb的质量平衡率

Figure 2. Mass balance rates of heavy metals (i.e, As, Se, and Pb) in power plant A and B systems

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图 3 APCDs的协同脱除率及总脱除率

Figure 3. Synergistic removal efficiency and total removal efficiency of APCDs

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图 4 燃煤电厂A和B重金属As、Se和Pb的迁移分布

注：图中数字为重金属分布量，单位为g/h。

Figure 4. Schematics of migration for As, Se, and Pb in studied power plants

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图 5 燃煤电厂中As、Se和Pb的占比

Figure 5. Mass distribution of As, Se, and Pb in studied power plants

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表 1 燃煤电厂基本情况

Table 1. Basic situation of the studied power plants

电厂	炉型	机组容量/MW	负荷/%	烟气脱硝	烟气除尘	烟气脱硫	超低排放烟气净化工艺流程
A	煤粉炉	300	75±5	SCR	ESP、WESP	WFGD	SCR+ESP+WFGD+WESP
B	循环流化床	350	75±5	SNCR	FF、WESP	WFGD、LIFAC	LIFAC+SNCR+FF+WFGD+WESP
注：SCR为选择性催化还原脱硝；SNCR为选择性非催化还原脱硝；EPS为静电除尘；FF为布袋除尘；WESP为湿式电除尘；WFGD为湿法脱硫；LIFAC为炉内喷钙脱硫。

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表 2 煤样的工业分析及重金属浓度

Table 2. Industrial analysis and heavy metals contents of coal samples

电厂	M_t/%	M_ad/%	A_ar/%	V_daf/%	Q_net.ar/（MJ/kg）	As浓度/（mg/kg）	Se浓度/（mg/kg）	Pb浓度/（mg/kg）
A	16.20	10.29	12.80	37.05	21.37	1.39	1.06	10.94
B	6.60	0.77	46.35	16.83	3.01	6.83	4.98	16.79
注：M_t为全水分；M_ad为空气干燥基水分；A_ar为收到基灰分；V_daf为干燥无灰基挥发分；Q_net.ar为收到基低位发热量。

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表 3 烟气中As、Se和Pb浓度

Table 3. Mass concentration of heavy metals (i.e. As, Se, and Pb) in flue gas μg/m³　

电厂	重金属	SCR前	除尘前	除尘后	WFGD后	WESP后	US EPA排放限值^[51]
A	As	103.60	97.83	6.48	0.16	0.13	2.7
	Se	58.04	50.57	7.28	4.80	2.15	8.2
	Pb	816.27	702.61	10.95	1.12	0.86	2.7
B	As	—	491.48	1.41	0.96	0.49	2.7
	Se	—	290.74	1.28	1.19	1.05	8.2
	Pb	—	2 081.57	5.32	3.72	3.19	2.7
注：—表示无数据。

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