酸热絮凝法提取甘薯淀粉分离汁水中的蛋白质

王雪婷; 赵博超; 罗岷; 苑喜男; 朱克松; 潘涔轩; 曾凡逵

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230026

酸热絮凝法提取甘薯淀粉分离汁水中的蛋白质

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230026

1.
国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室，中国环境科学研究院
2.
中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所环境材料与生态化学研究发展中心

基金项目: 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室开放基金项目（2022KFF-17）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2022YSKY-09）；国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFC1806302）

详细信息

作者简介:
王雪婷（1988—），女，高级工程师，主要从事清洁生产与废物资源化利用研究，wangbeibeiwxt@163.com

通讯作者:
潘涔轩（1964—），男，研究员，主要从事清洁生产研究，pancenx@sina.com

中图分类号: X712
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-09

Tentative study on protein extraction from sweet potato starch processing water by acid-heat flocculation

1.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
Research and Development Center for Eco-material and Eco-chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要

摘要:
甘薯淀粉加工过程产生大量的淀粉分离汁水，其中含有丰富的蛋白质。采用酸热絮凝法从甘薯淀粉分离汁水中提取蛋白质，通过单因素试验，选择pH、温度、离心时间和离心转速为变量，利用正交试验分析影响甘薯淀粉分离汁水蛋白质提取效果的因素主次和较佳工艺，采用集成装置进行工艺模拟试验，检验甘薯淀粉分离汁水蛋白质提取的效果，并分析技术和经济可行性。结果表明：在温度为100 ℃、pH为4.0、离心转速3 500 r/min和离心时间10 min条件下，甘薯淀粉分离汁水的TN和COD_Cr去除率分别达到76.79%和40.66%；集成装置的蛋白质回收率达到48.86%，回收的粗蛋白质粉的蛋白质含量（以干基计）为73.22%，满足动物饲料原料要求。此外，对于1个大中型甘薯淀粉企业，1 m³甘薯淀粉分离汁水通过回收蛋白质可以创造毛利润20.51元。
- 甘薯 /
- 淀粉分离汁水 /
- 酸热絮凝法 /
- 蛋白质 /
- 提取
Abstract:
In the process of sweet potato starch production, a large amount of starch processing water is produced, which contains a lot of protein. The protein extraction from sweet potato starch processing water by acid-heat flocculation was studied. Through the single factor experiment, pH, temperature, centrifugation time and centrifugation speed were selected as variables. The main factors and optimum conditions were studied through orthogonal experiments. While, the effect and technical and economic feasibility of extracting protein from sweet potato starch processing water were analyzed through process simulation test with an integrated device. The results showed that the removal rates of TN and COD_Cr of sweet potato starch processing water reached 76.79% and 40.66%, respectively, when the temperature was 100 ℃, pH was 4.0, the centrifugation speed was 3 500 r/min and the centrifugation time was 10 min. The process simulation test results of the integrated device showed that the sweet protein recovery rate reached 48.86%, and the protein content (dry basis) of the recovered crude protein powder was 73.22%, which met the requirements of animal feed raw materials. In addition, for a medium-sized or large-sized sweet potato starch enterprise, 1 m³ sweet potato starch processing water could create a gross profit of 20.51 yuan by recycling protein. The protein extraction from sweet potato starch processing water by acid-heat flocculation had both technical and economic feasibility, which had a good promotion prospect.
- sweet potato /
- starch processing water /
- acid-heat flocculation /
- protein /
- extraction

HTML全文

图 1 蛋白质提取集成装置

Figure 1. Integrated device of protein extraction

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图 2 pH和温度对甘薯淀粉分离汁水蛋白质提取效果的影响

Figure 2. Effect of pH and temperature on the protein extraction from sweet potato starch processing water

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图 3 离心对甘薯淀粉分离汁水蛋白质提取效果的影响

Figure 3. Effect of centrifugation on protein extraction from sweet potato starch processing water

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图 4 甘薯淀粉分离汁水pH随放置时间的变化

Figure 4. Changes of pH of sweet potato starch processing water with time

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图 5 甘薯淀粉分离汁水酸热絮凝法蛋白质提取工艺路线

Figure 5. Extraction processing of protein from sweet potato starch processing water by acid -heat flocculation

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图 6 集成装置的TN和COD_Cr去除率

Figure 6. TN and COD_Cr removal rates of the integrated device

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表 1 四因素三水平试验设计

Table 1. Factors and levels for the orthogonal experiments

水平	pH （因素A）	温度/℃ （因素B）	离心转速/(r/min) （因素C）	离心时间/min （因素D）
1	6.0	80	3 000	10
2	4.5	90	3 500	15
3	4.0	100	4 000	20

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表 2 甘薯（卢选1号）中氨基酸构成

Table 2. Proportion of amino acids in sweet potato

氨基酸组分	含量/ (10⁻² g/g)	相对含量/%	氨基酸组分	含量/ (10⁻² g/g)	相对含量/%
天冬氨酸	0.310	25.50	蛋氨酸	0.009	0.73
苏氨酸	0.059	4.85	异亮氨酸	0.051	4.20
丝氨酸	0.075	6.17	亮氨酸	0.080	6.58
谷氨酸	0.140	11.52	酪氨酸	0.026	2.14
脯氨酸	0.044	3.62	苯丙氨酸	0.076	6.25
甘氨酸	0.052	4.28	赖氨酸	0.064	5.27
丙氨酸	0.063	5.18	组氨酸	0.029	2.39
胱氨酸	0.005	0.37	精氨酸	0.052	4.28
缬氨酸	0.070	5.76	色氨酸	0.011^1）	0.91
注：天冬氨酸和谷氨酸为酸性氨基酸；精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸为碱性氨基酸；其余为中性氨基酸。　　1）色氨酸含量单位为%。

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表 3 正交试验的结果分析

Table 3. Results analysis of orthogonal experiments

试验编号	因素水平				TN去除率/%	COD_Cr去除率/%
试验编号	因素A	因素B	因素C	因素D	TN去除率/%	COD_Cr去除率/%
1	1	1	1	1	62.50	32.19
2	1	2	2	2	67.86	32.50
3	1	3	3	3	69.64	33.44
4	2	1	2	3	66.07	33.31
5	2	2	3	1	71.43	36.00
6	2	3	1	2	71.43	40.31
7	3	1	3	2	69.62	33.50
8	3	2	1	3	73.21	31.88
9	3	3	2	1	76.79	40.66
K1	69.667	66.063	69.047	70.240
K2	69.643	70.833	70.240	69.637
K3	73.207	76.620	70.230	69.640
R	6.540	6.557	1.193	0.603
K1'	32.710	33.000	34.793	36.283
K2'	36.540	33.460	35.490	35.437
K3'	35.347	38.137	34.313	32.877
R'	3.830	5.137	1.177	3.406
注：K1、K2、K3为某因素分别在其水平1、水平2和水平3下的3组试验获得的TN去除率的平均值；K1'、K2'、K3'为某因素分别在其水平1、水平2和水平3下的3组试验获得的COD_Cr去除率的平均值；R为TN去除率的各因素的极差（各因素均值K1、K2、K3中的最大值减去最小值）；R'为COD_Cr去除率的各因素的极差（各因素均值K1'、K2'、K3'中的最大值减去最小值）。

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表 4 集成装置的蛋白质回收率

Table 4. Protein recovery rate of the integrated device

批次	甘薯淀粉分离汁水处理量/L	蛋白质滤饼烘干后质量/g	蛋白质滤饼烘干后主要成分含量/%		蛋白质回收率/%
批次	甘薯淀粉分离汁水处理量/L	蛋白质滤饼烘干后质量/g	水分	蛋白质（以干基计）	蛋白质回收率/%
2	25	243.54	10.6	73.04	57.50
3	25	161.29	8.40	75.44	40.56
4	25	299.88	7.74	75.11	56.31
9	25	224.45	5.33	69.29	41.09
平均值				73.22	48.86

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表 5 甘薯淀粉分离汁水酸热絮凝法蛋白质提取成本构成

Table 5. Cost structure of protein extraction from sweet potato starch processing water by acid-heat flocculation

项目	年成本/ 万元	占总成本比例/%	备注
原料费	0	0	原料为甘薯淀粉分离汁水
燃料动力费	188.352	53.29	功率480 kW/h，电价0.725元/（kW·h）；蒸汽消耗6 t/h，蒸汽费160元/t
工人工资费	21.600	6.11	需操作工人6人，每人工资3 000 元/月，以年计
福利费	3.024	0.86	按工人工资的14%估算
折旧费	110	31.12	设备总投资660万元，以折旧年限6 a估算
修理费	5.500	1.56	以折旧费的5%估算
其他费用	25	7.07	财务费用、摊销费等
总成本	353.476	100

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