平原感潮河网地区河道水体表观污染评价及来源解析

李海云; 潘杨; 张龙飞; 陈旭宇; 秦天羽; 吕凌霄; 李尚珂

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221119

平原感潮河网地区河道水体表观污染评价及来源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221119

李海云^{1, 2,},
潘杨^1, ,,
张龙飞^{1, 2},
陈旭宇^{1, 2},
秦天羽^{1, 2},
吕凌霄^{1, 2},
李尚珂^{1, 2}

1.
苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院
2.
佛山市南海区苏科大环境研究院

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07205003）

详细信息

作者简介:
李海云（1998—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事环境污染控制理论与技术研究，2261568143@qq.com

通讯作者:
潘杨（1972—），男，教授，博士，主要从事地表水水体修复研究，panyang@mail.usts.edu.cn

中图分类号: X522
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- 文章访问数: 158
- HTML全文浏览量: 128
- PDF下载量: 53
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-19
- 录用日期: 2023-05-21
- 修回日期: 2023-04-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-19

Apparent pollution evaluation and source analysis of river water bodies in the tidal river network area of the plains

LI Haiyun^{1, 2
,},
PAN Yang^{1
, ,},
ZHANG Longfei^{1, 2},
CHEN Xuyu^{1, 2},
QIN Tianyu^{1, 2},
LÜ Lingxiao^{1, 2},
LI Shangke^{1, 2}

1.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology
2.
Foshan Nanhai Suzhou University of Science and Technology Environmental Research Institute

摘要

摘要:
以佛山市大沥镇河道为研究对象，采用表观污染指数法及表观污染类型的分类方法，从污染程度和污染类型2个角度对平原感潮河网地区河道水体表观污染状况及污染源进行评价，并利用正定矩阵因子分解模型定量解析污染源。结果表明：佛山市大沥镇河道水体表观质量整体不佳，表观污染类型以混合主导型为主，夏季和晚春的表观污染程度重于早春。不同片区水体表观状况从优至劣依次为镇水围片区>白沙片区>盐联围片区>黄岐盐联围片区>谢边涌及香基河片区>泌冲片区>后海片区。退潮时段河道水体表观质量较差，且涨退潮对镇南部河道水体表观质量影响较大。不同表观污染类型河道的污染源类型及贡献率不同，有机主导型（黑臭）的主要污染源为点源污染（52.61%）；有机主导型（水华）的主要污染源为农业面源（35.98%）；营养主导型的主要污染源为种植业污染（51.43%）；无机主导型的主要污染源为地表径流（41.50%）。研究显示，大沥镇河道水体表观污染时空变化较为显著，不同表观污染类型的污染源具有差异性，需分类治理，从而改善水体表观状况。
- 平原感潮河网 /
- 河道 /
- 表观质量评价 /
- 表观污染类型 /
- 正定矩阵因子分解模型
Abstract:
Taking the river course in Dali Town, Foshan City as the research object, the sensation pollution index (SPI) and the classification method of apparent pollution types were utilized to evaluate the apparent pollution status and pollution sources of the river course water in the plain tidal river network area from two perspectives of pollution degree and pollution type, and Positive Matrix Factorization model was used to quantitatively analyze the pollution sources. The results showed that the landscape river in Dali Town, Foshan City had poor overall apparent quality. The apparent pollution type was mainly mixed-dominant and the level of pollution was found to be heavier in summer and late spring compared to early spring. The apparent conditions of different areas were in the order of Zhen Shuiwei Area>Baisha Area>Yan Lianwei Area>Huangi Yanlianwei Area>Xiebian Chong and Xiangjihe Area>Michong Area>Houhai Area. Overall, the apparent quality of the river channel was poor during low tide periods, and the varying tides greatly impacted the perceived apparent quality of the river in the southern region of the town. The types and contribution rates of pollution sources in river channels varied depending on the level and type of pollution. For organic-dominated (black and odorous) water, the primary source of pollution was point sources, accounting for 52.61% of the pollution. Meanwhile, for organic-dominated waters with blooms, agricultural non-point sources contributed the most pollution at 35.98%. In cases of nutrition-led pollution, the primary source was found to be plantation pollution, contributing to 51.43% of the total pollution. Finally, for inorganic-dominated pollution, surface runoff was the main source, accounting for 41.50% of the pollution. In conclusion, it was noteworthy that there existed significant temporal and spatial changes in the apparent pollution levels of the rivers in Dali Town. Furthermore, the pollution sources causing various types of apparent pollution differed, indicating a need to classify and treat them accordingly to enhance overall conditions.
- plain tidal river network /
- river channels /
- apparent quality evaluation /
- apparent pollution types /
- positive matrix factorization model

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图 1 采样点位置示意

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 SPI及水体表观质量等级分布随时间的变化

Figure 2. SPI value and apparent quality grade distribution over time

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图 3 表观污染类型占比随时间的变化

Figure 3. Proportion of apparent pollution types over time

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同片区P₄₅的对比

Figure 4. Comparison of P₄₅ in different areas

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图 5 不同片区表观污染类型占比

Figure 5. Proportion of apparent pollution types in different areas

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图 6 不同时段大沥镇河道水体SPI变化

Figure 6. Changes in SPI of river channels in Dali Town during different periods

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图 7 基于PMF的不同表观污染类型水质的源成分谱

Figure 7. Source component profiles of water quality of different apparent pollution types based on PMF

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图 8 不同表观污染类型重点指标的污染源及其贡献率

Figure 8. Pollution sources and contribution rates of key indicators of different apparent pollution types

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表 1 水体颜色修正系数(β)取值

Table 1. Color correction factors (β) of watercourse

颜色	β
绿色	0.21
黄色	0.40
灰色	0.42
黑色	1.00

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表 2 表观污染类型分类方法

Table 2. Classification methods for apparent pollution types

表观污染类型	判定条件
有机主导型	ORP<0 mV或DO/DOs>1^1），且Chl-a >50 μg/L
无机主导型	COD_Mn /浊度<0.08 （mg/L）/NTU
营养主导型	浊度<15 NTU，且Chl-a <50 μg/L
混合主导型	其他
1）DOs为饱和溶解氧浓度。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同表观污染类型特征指标或特征值与各环境因子的相关系数

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between characteristic indicators or characteristic values of different apparent pollution types and environmental factors

特征指标	有机主导型（黑臭）	有机主导型（水华）		营养主导型		无机主导型
特征指标	ORP	DO/DOs	Chl-a	Chl-a	浊度	COD_Mn/浊度
浊度	−0.059	0.175	0.123	0.175	1	0.608
DO	0.571^*	0.795^**	0.500	−0.237	−0.117	0.459
ORP	1	0.526	0.290	0.071	0.196	−0.297
pH	0.024	0.074	0.198	0.597^**	0.181	0.604
T	−0.138	0.221	0.035	0.680^**	0.166	−0.247
TN浓度	−0.445^*	0.569	0.598	−0.252	−0.242	0.716
NH₄ ⁺-N浓度	−0.592^**	0.744^**	0.560	−0.326^*	0.095	0.518
TP浓度	−0.683^**	0.745^**	0.428	−0.164	−0.074	0.732
Chl-a浓度	0.162	0.590	1	1	0.175	−0.182
COD_Mn	−0.608^**	0.586	0.648^*	0.192	0.225	0.812^*
SS浓度	0.122	−0.483	−0.425	−0.139	0.109	0.791^*
注：*和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平下显著相关。

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表 4 大沥镇河道不同表观污染类型污染来源贡献率

Table 4. Contribution rate of pollution sources of different apparent pollution types in Dali Town's rivers

污染类型	污染因子	污染源	贡献率/%
有机主导型（黑臭）	H1	点源污染	52.61
	H2	植物残体	14.95
	H3	气象因素	4.91
	H4	浮游植物	4.82
	H5	内源污染	22.70
有机主导型（水华）	S1	内源污染	14.20
	S2	生活污水	24.36
	S3	农业面源	35.98
	S4	洗涤类企业废水	7.82
	S5	气象因素	17.64
营养主导型	Y1	种植业污染	51.43
	Y2	地表径流	39.28
	Y3	气象因素	9.29
无机主导型	W1	内源污染	4.28
	W3	气象因素	29.29
	W4	浮游植物	24.93
	W5	地表径流	41.50

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