岭南亚热带森林冠层大气挥发性有机物污染特征及区域人为源的影响

贾天蛟; 葛艳丽; 刘奔; 孙嘉胤; 吴雯潞; 叶建淮; 吴晟; 黎永杰; 傅宗玫; 陈琦

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220298

岭南亚热带森林冠层大气挥发性有机物污染特征及区域人为源的影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220298

贾天蛟^1,,
葛艳丽¹,
刘奔²,
孙嘉胤³,
吴雯潞⁴,
叶建淮⁴,
吴晟³,
黎永杰²,
傅宗玫⁴,
陈琦^1, ,

1.
北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境科学系
2.
澳门大学科技学院土木与环境工程系
3.
暨南大学质谱仪器与大气环境研究所
4.
南方科技大学环境科学与工程学院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0209802）

详细信息

作者简介:
贾天蛟(1997—)，女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为大气VOC的污染特征，1801214185@pku.org.cn

通讯作者:
陈琦(1980—)，女，研究员，主要从事大气化学研究，qichenpku@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号: X51
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-30

Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds above subtropical forest canopy in Lingnan and the influence of regional anthropogenic emissions

1.
Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University
2.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau
3.
Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University
4.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology

摘要

摘要:
大气中挥发性有机物(VOC)对空气质量、气候变化和人体健康均有重要影响。我国南方亚热带森林地区大气VOC浓度易受区域人为源排放影响。为定量探究其影响，于2019年8—9月在鼎湖山和车八岭自然保护区森林站点，通过无人机机载设备采集并分析了午后和晚上林冠层上方不同垂直高度的大气VOC和臭氧浓度，结合WRF-GC模型模拟和情景分析定量评价了区域人为源排放对林区大气环境的影响。结果表明：林区大气植物源VOC(BVOC)浓度低，人为源VOC(AVOC)浓度相对较高；车八岭AVOC浓度低于鼎湖山，BVOC浓度则高于鼎湖山，受区域人为源排放的影响较鼎湖山小；〔甲基丙烯醛（MACR）+甲基乙烯基酮（MVK）〕/异戊二烯比值高，说明2个站点BVOC大气转化均较快；2个站点不同采样高度上AVOC物种浓度差异均不显著，车八岭BVOC物种浓度差异也不显著，但鼎湖山异戊二烯和α-蒎烯在25和100 m处浓度差别较大，垂直湍流扩散可解释这一差异。此外，WRF-GC模型对鼎湖山林区大气污染物地表浓度的模拟效果较好。在关闭区域人为源情景下，鼎湖山异戊二烯日均模拟浓度增加4倍，臭氧浓度降低3倍，说明我国南部亚热带森林大气受区域人为源排放影响，BVOC向其氧化产物的转化加快，可能促进植物源二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的生成，而臭氧浓度超过植物耐受阈值，长期暴露会引起林区植被损伤。
- 挥发性有机物 /
- 垂直分布 /
- 人为源影响 /
- 亚热带森林大气 /
- 无人机
Abstract:
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere have significant impacts on air quality, climate change, and human health. Atmospheric VOC concentrations in subtropical forests of southern China are affected by regional anthropogenic source emissions. To quantitatively explore the impacts of regional anthropogenic source emissions on forest atmosphere, VOC and ozone concentrations at different vertical levels above the canopy were collected by drone-based samplers in the afternoon and evening in Dinghushan (DHS) and Chebaling (CBL) Nature Reserves in August and September 2019 and were analyzed offline. Moreover, WRF-GC model simulations and scenario analysis were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the impact of regional anthropogenic source emissions on the atmosphere in forest areas. The results showed that the biogenic VOC (BVOC) concentrations were low and anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) concentrations were relatively high at both sites. Compared with DHS, the AVOC concentrations in CBL were lower and the BVOC concentrations were higher, which could be attributed to less anthropogenic influence by regional transport. The ratios of (MVK+MACR)/isoprene at both sites were high, indicating a rapid atmospheric conversion. No significant difference in AVOC concentrations at different sampling heights were found at both sites. BVOC concentrations in CBL were also similar for both of the sampling heights. In DHS, the concentrations of isoprene and α-pinene were significantly different for 25 and 100 m sampling heights, which may be explained by vertical eddy diffusion. Moreover, the surface concentrations of air pollutants in DHS were well simulated by WRF-GC model. Under the scenario of no anthropogenic emissions, the simulated daily average concentrations of isoprene increased by 4 times and that of ozone decreased by 3 times in DHS compared with the default setting. This result suggested that because of the influence of anthropogenic emissions in southern China, the conversion of BVOC to its oxidation products was accelerated to promote the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Meanwhile, the ozone concentrations were greater than the plant tolerance threshold, for which long-term exposure would cause vegetation damage in the forested area.
- VOC /
- vertical distribution /
- anthropogenic effect /
- subtropical forest atmosphere /
- drone

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图 1 鼎湖山夏季典型VOC物种浓度箱型图

注：样品编号D代表日间采样，N代表夜间采样，25和100代表采样高度分别为25和100 m；*为P<0.05下差异显著。

Figure 1. Concentration box plots of typical VOC species measured at different sampling heights in summer in Dinghushan area

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图 2 车八岭夏季典型VOC物种浓度箱型图

注：同图1。

Figure 2. Concentration box plots of typical VOC species measured at different sampling heights in summer in Chebaling area

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图 3 鼎湖山冬夏季异戊二烯和α-蒎烯分别在100与25 m处的浓度比值箱形图

Figure 3. 100 to 25 m concentration ratios for isoprene and α-pinene observed daily in winter and summer in Dinghushan area

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图 4 鼎湖山和车八岭站点25和100 m高度处气团72 h后向轨迹

注:基于GS (2019) 1697的标准地图制作。

Figure 4. 72-h backward trajectories of air masses at 25 and 100 m during sampling in summer at Dinghushan and Chebaling sites

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图 5 鼎湖山和车八岭站点各典型物种模拟浓度日变化和观测浓度

Figure 5. Diurnal patterns of concentrations of typical species simulated by WRF-GC compared with the observations at Dinghushan and Chebaling sites

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表 1 中国南部亚热带森林地区VOC浓度比较

Table 1. Comparisons of VOC concentrations measured in subtropical forests in southern China 10⁻⁹　

项目		季节	BVOC		芳香烃					OVOC
项目		季节	异戊二烯	α-蒎烯	苯	甲苯	邻二甲苯	苯乙烯	氯苯	MVK	MACR	乙酸乙酯	甲基乙基酮	3-戊酮	甲基异丁基酮	R-诺蒎酮
本研究	鼎湖山	夏季	0.48± 0.34	0.18± 0.07	0.87± 0.56	0.84± 0.38	0.24± 0.17	0.25± 0.05	0.21± 0.02	0.50± 0.19	0.29± 0.34	0.77± 0.59	0.96± 0.86	0.16± 0.02	0.16± 0.15	0.23± 0.01
本研究	车八岭	夏季	0.96± 1.02	0.24± 0.08	0.48± 0.20	0.51± 0.24	0.14± 0.11	0.21± 0.03	0.19± 0.02	0.51± 0.50	0.26± 0.33	0.18± 0.17	0.42± 0.47	0.13± 0.02	0.09± 0.09	0.22± 0.03
鼎湖山		冬季^[6]	0.05± 0.04	0.08± 0.10	1.54± 0.34	1.11± 0.97	0.26± 0.25	0.13± 0.17	0.02± 0.01	0.24± 0.13	0.11± 0.04	0.99± 0.62	1.02± 0.60	0.91± 0.08
		春季^[5]	0.12± 0.80	0.32± 0.16	1.17± 0.54	3.09± 1.79	0.27± 0.18
		全年^[4]	0.76± 0.50	0.33± 0.18	1.43± 0.51	2.27± 0.89	0.54± 0.32	0.30± 0.22	0.58± 0.25
南岭^[5]		夏季	0.29± 0.03		0.05± 0.01	0.15± 0.02				0.29± 0.02	0.07± 0.01
人工林^[2]		全年	0.80± 0.56	0.62± 0.29

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表 2 森林地区异戊二烯平均浓度及(MVK+MACR)/异戊二烯

Table 2. Isoprene average concentrations and concentration ratios of (MVK+MACR)/isoprene in different forest areas

气候区	海拔/m	测量方法	采样时段	距离地面高度/m	异戊二烯浓度/10⁻⁹	(MVK+MACR)/异戊二烯
亚热带(23.17°N)（本研究鼎湖山）	36	吸附管采样+TD-GC-MS	夏季日间	25	0.79±0.49	1.33±0.71
			夏季日间	100	0.39±0.10	1.75±0.50
			夏季夜间	25	0.27±0.10	1.75±1.16
			夏季夜间	100	0.37±0.11	3.30±0.78
亚热带 (24.72°N)（本研究车八岭）	359	吸附管采样+TD-GC-MS	夏季日间	25	1.73±0.94	0.63±0.26
			夏季日间	100	0.73±0.20	0.94±0.30
			夏季夜间	25	0.21±0.05	1.23±0.34
			夏季夜间	100	0.35±0.21	1.55±0.82
亚热带(23.17°N)^[6]	36	吸附管采样+TD-GC-MS	冬季日间	25	0.03±0.01	7.46±2.93
			冬季日间	100	0.08±0.08	7.57±4.72
			冬季夜间	25	0.03±0.01	11.78±3.79
			冬季夜间	100	0.04±0.02	10.83±7.51
亚热带(24.70°N)^[5]	1 690	在线气相色谱质谱	日间	15^1）	0.38±0.05	1.9±0.5
亚热带(24.70°N)^[5]	1 690	在线气相色谱质谱	夜间	15^1）	0.16±0.04	6.3±1.4
温带(43.11°N)^[24]	24	PTR-MS	全天	12	0.42	0.79
地中海(43.93°N)^[25]	650	PTR-MS	日间	10	2.8±1.5	0.4±0.1
地中海(43.93°N)^[25]	650	PTR-MS	夜间	10	0.4±0.2	0.28±0.05
热带(2.59°S)^[26]	103	吸附管采样+GC-FID	日间	52	3.4	0.31±0.07
热带(2.14°S)^[27]		PTR-MS	日间	40	6.17	0.29
			日间	79	4.80	0.39
			夜间	40	1.44
			夜间	79	1.58	0.88
1）为距林冠层上层距离。

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