Riverine buffer zone and water ecological restoration practice of Shengjiawan River course in eastern Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province
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摘要:
河流生态修复是改善水质和维持河流生态系统稳定的重要措施，是贯彻落实“十四五”重点流域水生态环境保护总体要求的重要举措。以嘉善姚庄镇俞汇塘支流盛家湾河道为研究对象，探讨了河流缓冲带与水生态修复工程实践。针对该区域生态空间严重被挤占、部分河段生境受损严重、生物多样性降低、河道水质不稳定等环境问题，提出了以保护—修复—发展为创新思路的盛家湾河道生态修复工程总体方案；以全面提升河道的水生态环境质量、构建健康稳定的水生态系统为修复目标，实施了面源污染阻控、生态空间恢复以及水生态修复等工程，其中包括面积为17 700 m2的人工湿地及2 200 m长的生态植草沟建设，约30 m宽和1 480 m长的陆域植被缓冲带构建，1 210 m长的河岸线生态化改造，以及面积为20 400 m2的水下森林生态修复工程。通过盛家湾河道的生态修复，全面改善了盛家湾区域的生态环境，实现了“水清岸绿”，恢复了水体的生物多样性。
Abstract:River ecological restoration is an important step for improving water quality and maintaining the stability of the river ecosystem, as well as a key measure for fulfilling overall requirements of water-ecological environment protection in key basins in the 14th Five-year Plan. Taking Shengjiawan River course, a tributary of Yuhuitang, in Jiashan County as the research area, riverine buffer zone and water ecological restoration projects were implemented and carried out. In the light of seriously occupied ecological space, damaged habitat in some river sections, reduced biodiversity, unstable river water quality and so on in the region, the overall scheme of ecological restoration project for Shengjiawan River course was presented as following innovative idea of "protection-restoration-development". With comprehensively improving the water-ecological environment quality and building a healthy and stable water ecosystem as the targets, the measures like non-point source pollution control, ecological space restoration and water ecological restoration were taken, including the construction of artificial wetland (17 700 m2) and ecological grass planting ditch (2 200 m), riverine vegetation buffer zone (30 m×1 480 m), ecological transformation of riverbank (1 210 m) and underwater forest ecological restoration project (20 400 m2). By ecological restoration of Shengjiawan River course, the ecological environment in this area was comprehensively improved, "clear water and green banks" were observed and the biodiversity of the water body was restored.
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图 1 俞汇塘水系及盛家湾河道位置
Figure 1. Yuhuitang watershed and geographical location of Shengjiawan River course
图 2 2020年盛家湾河道两岸状况
Figure 2. Situation of river banks in Shengjiawan River course in 2020
图 3 2010年和2020年盛家湾区域卫星遥感影像图比较
Figure 3. Satellite remote sensing images of Shengjiawan area in 2010 and 2020
图 4 2016—2020年池家浜水文站总磷浓度变化
Figure 4. Variation of total phosphorus concentrations in hydrological station of Chijiabang from 2016 to 2020
图 5 盛家湾河道生态修复工程总体方案设计思路
Figure 5. Design idea of overall scheme of ecological restoration project in Shengjiawan River course
图 6 盛家湾河道生态修复工程布设
Figure 6. Project layout of ecological restoration in Shengjiawan River course
图 7 河岸植被缓冲带的空间结构及修复效果
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the spatial structure and restoration effect of riparian vegetation buffer zone
图 8 生态植草沟结构示意及效果图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram and restoration effect of ecological grass planting ditch
图 9 河道北侧人工湿地平面布设示意
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of layout of the constructed wetland at the northern side of the river
图 10 底质改良修复剂净化过程模拟示意
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of purification process by sediment substrate modifier
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