重金属污染土壤修复中的根际效应研究进展

景文杰; 全占军; 韩煜; 蔡譞; 马俊勇

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210505

重金属污染土壤修复中的根际效应研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210505

中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501101-3）

详细信息

作者简介:
景文杰（1995—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事矿山生态修复根际土壤研究，15232033@bjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
马俊勇（1991—），男，助理研究员，博士，主要从事全球气候变化生态学相关研究， mjy172404707@me.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-13

Research progress of rhizosphere effect in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要: 由根际分泌物介导的根际效应表现为根际土壤中微生物种类和活性、土壤理化性质（如酶、pH、有机质等）显著不同于非根际土壤。根际效应受土壤类型、植物种类等影响较大，在农业生产、林业防护等领域被广泛研究，并被投入到实际应用中。近年来，根际效应在土壤修复领域的研究取得了一定进展，但对其修复机制、影响因素等尚缺乏系统性的认识。综述了受重金属污染土壤中根际效应的修复机制、影响因素，并提出加强修复效果的措施，以期利用根际效应提高土壤生物修复效率。根际效应驱动根际土壤与非根际土壤中重金属的形态和分布差异显著，受土壤类型、植物功能性状、重金属性质等因素影响，土壤改良、接种外源微生物等措施可强化植物根际对重金属污染土壤的修复效果。然而目前相关研究时间较短、规模较小，忽略了多年生植物不同生长阶段的根际效应对重金属修复效果的影响，植物生长发育周期长导致筛选特异性修复植物也存在一定的挑战。随着根际效应在土壤修复领域研究的深入，建议展开更系统、全面、长期的指标监测研究，从而明确影响根际效应修复重金属的主次因素，同时筛选出针对不同重金属污染土壤的特异性修复植物，以便于建立土壤生物修复的植物资源库。
- 根际效应 /
- 重金属 /
- 土壤 /
- 根际修复
Abstract: The rhizosphere effect mediated by rhizosphere exudates shows that the species and activities of microorganisms, and soil physicochemical properties such as enzymes, pH and organic matter in rhizosphere soil are significantly different from those in non-rhizosphere soil. Rhizosphere effect is greatly affected by soil types and plant species, etc., and has been widely studied and used in agricultural production and forestry protection. In recent years, some progress had been made in the research of rhizosphere effect on soil remediation, but systematic understanding of its remediation mechanism and influencing factors still needed to be further improved. In this study, the remediation mechanism and influencing factors of rhizosphere effect in heavy metal contaminated soil were reviewed and analyzed, and the measures to strengthen the remediation effect were proposed to improve the soil bioremediation efficiency by rhizosphere effect. The review indicated that the rhizosphere effects drove the significant differences in the form and distribution of heavy metals between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. Affected by soil types, plant functional traits, heavy metal properties and other factors, soil improvement and inoculation of exogenous microorganisms could enhance the remediation effect of plant rhizosphere on heavy metals contaminated soil. However, current studies were in short term and small scale, and had neglected the rhizosphere effects at different growth stages of perennial plants on heavy metal remediation, and the long cycle of plant growth and development set a challenge for screening of specific remediation plants. With the deeper study of rhizosphere effect in the field of soil remediation, it was necessary to carry out more systematic, comprehensive and long-term index monitoring researches to identify the primary and secondary factors affecting the restoration of heavy metals by rhizosphere effect. At the same time, specific remediation plants of different heavy metal contaminated soil types were needed to be selected to facilitate the establishment of soil bioremediation plant resource bank.
- rhizosphere effect /
- heavy metal /
- soil /
- rhizoremediation

HTML全文

图 1 近15年典型研究方法及研究周期特征统计^[5,23,32-56]

Figure 1. Statistics of typical research methods and research cycle characteristics in recent 15 years

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 重金属污染土壤中根际效应的修复机理

Figure 2. Mechanism of rhizosphere effect for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的措施

Figure 3. Measures to strengthen plant remediation of heavy metal polluted soils

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 重金属污染土壤植物修复案例

Table 1. Case of phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil

重金属	修复植物	修复机制	影响因素
铜（Cu）	蓖麻（Castor bean）	增加酸交换性Cu浓度^[34]	土壤pH^[34]
	小麦（Triticum aestivum）	降低Cu的有效性^[35]	溶解性有机质浓度^[35]
	多瑙淫羊藿（Epilobium dodonaei）	固定重金属^[32]	共存重金属类型^[32]
	埃塞俄比亚油菜（Brassica carinata）	提高重金属有效性^[36]	种植模式^[36]
锌（Zn）	芥菜（Brassica juncea）	分泌半胱氨酸、组氨酸螯合Zn离子^[37]	混栽植物、外源微生物^[37]
锌（Zn）	刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）	改变重金属有效性^[5]	土壤理化性质、重金属性质^[5]
铅（Pb）	芥菜（Brassica juncea）	添加生物炭，降低Pb的有效态浓度，固定Pb^[38]；增加重金属有效性，促进植物吸收^[39]	生物炭含量^[38]、外源微生物^[39]
	刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）	改变重金属有效性^[5]	土壤理化性质、重金属性质^[5]
	碱蓬（Suaeda glauca）	增加pH，降低重金属离子浓度^[40]	重金属浓度、植物种类^[40]
	萝卜（Raphanus sativus）	增加可溶性Pb浓度^[41]	溶解性有机碳浓度^[41]
	东南景天（Sedum alfredii）	根系分泌物与重金属反应^[23]	重金属浓度^[23]
镉（Cd）	碱蓬（Suaeda glauca）	增加pH，降低重金属离子浓度^[40]	重金属浓度、植物种类^[40]
	芥菜（Brassica juncea）	增加重金属有效性，促进植物吸收^[39]	外源微生物^[39]
	叶用红菾菜（Beta vulgaris）	固定重金属^[42]	植物类型^[42]
	黑麦草（Lolium perene）	固定重金属^[42]	植物类型^[42]
	油菜（Brassica campestris）	固定重金属^[43]	外源微生物、改良剂^[43]
	甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus）	影响根际pH，促进植物对Cd的吸收和提取^[44]	重金属浓度、改良剂的酸碱性^[44]
砷（As）	蜈蚣草（Pteris vittata）	促进植物生长，活化重金属^[45]	外源微生物^[45]
砷（As）	玉米（Zea mays）	促进重金属解析^[46]	外源微生物、改良剂^[46]
锰（Mn）	碱蓬（Suaeda glauca）	增加pH，降低重金属离子浓度^[40]	重金属浓度、植物种类^[40]
铀（U）	黑麦草（Lolium perenne）	pH降低促进根部惰性U的活化^[47]	重金属浓度^[47]

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