2018 Vol. 8, No. 4

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2018 Vol.8, No.4
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2018, 8(4): .
Abstract(174) PDF(505KB)(5)
Abstract:
Analysis of variation characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric visibility in Tianjin urban area from 2013 to 2016
LI Yinghua, YAO Liying, YAO Qing, HAN Suqin, CAI Ziying, LIU Jingle
2018, 8(4): 349-358. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.046
Abstract(673) PDF(3441KB)(544)
Abstract:
Using the MODLE6000 type forward-scattering visibility meter produced by Belfort, the atmospheric visibility was measured over 2013-2016 in Tianjin urban area, and the variation characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric visibility were analyzed, combined with the simultaneous PM2.5 concentration and related meteorological data. The results showed that the average atmospheric visibility was 11.23 km during the measurement period. The annually averaged visibility increased year by year in the 3 years, which should be related to the decrease of PM2.5 concentration in Tianjin area. The seasonal variation of atmospheric visibility in Tianjin urban area is obvious, with higher visibility in spring, lower in summer and lowest in autumn. There are significant morning and evening peaks in diurnal change of visibility, and the decrease of visibility is mainly due to joint impacts of PM2.5 concentration and diurnal variation of RH. The continuous low visibility (<10 km) weather events lasting more than 72 hours have decreased in recent years. However, the continuous low visibility (<5 km) weather events lasting more than 72 hours still occurred frequently in recent years. The low visibility weather events occurred mostly in autumn and winter, which were mainly related to the adverse diffusion conditions.
Route analysis of air pollutant transport in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on HYSPLIT model
SHEN Hongyan, LÜ Zongpu, SHI Huading, WANG Minghao
2018, 8(4): 359-366. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.047
Abstract(1075) PDF(3595KB)(447)
Abstract:
Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the research area, the formation and dissipation process of atmospheric heavy polluted weather from November 17, 2014 to November 23, 2014 were analyzed by HYSPLIT model, combined with the ground meteorological monitoring data and aerial observations data, and the meteorological factors were analyzed. The results show that during the formation of heavy polluted weather in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, it is mainly at high pressure or uniform pressure state, the atmosphere is stable, and the atmosphere mixing layer is lower and facilitate to form static and stable weather. At the same time, the high humidity, high pressure, weak wind and inversion in the troposphere will suppress the convection of the water vapor and pollutants and cause them unable to spread obviously. The HYSPLIT model was used to simulate the flow back trajectory of 300 m height in Beijing, and the representative route of air mass trajectory was analyzed by cluster analysis method, which was compared with the ground meteorological monitoring data and aerial observations. The analysis shows that in the extreme weather conditions, the air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is 80% affected by the southwest air flow, and the transportation trajectory of air pollutant is mainly from south to north. The dissipation process of atmospheric heavy pollution weathers in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is 90% affected by the northern air currents. The rapid entry of the northern airflow will quickly dissipate the pollutants.
Study on the relationship between PM2.5 and other air pollutants in Tianjin based on VAR model
SHEN Kaijuan, GAO Guangkuo
2018, 8(4): 367-372. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.048
Abstract(601) PDF(1217KB)(458)
Abstract:
In recent years, severe haze weathers have hit many areas of China, which has greatly affected people’s health and life. In the study on the haze problem, the relationship between PM2.5 and other air pollutants has become the focus of academic researches. Therefore, based on the vector autoregressive model and in combination with unit root test, AR eigenvalue test, generalized impulse response function and variance decomposition method, the air quality related data including PM2.5 in Tianjin from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 were analyzed. Also the dynamic relationship between PM2.5 and its influencing factors was analyzed and the impact of other atmospheric pollutants on PM2.5 studied. The result shows the model of air quality system formed by PM2.5 and other air pollutants is stable. The increase of SO2, NO2 and CO concentration will cause the increase of PM2.5 concentration in a short time; the effect of SO2 and NO2 on PM2.5 is more significant; the increase of O3 concentration has an inhibitory effect on PM2.5. Therefore, suggestions on adjusting the industrial structure and strengthening the governance of SO2 were put forward as the primary solutions for the government of Tianjin to manage haze pollution.
Removal of VOCs and heat distribution in a flow reversal plasma reaction system
LIANG Wenjun, WU Hongmei, LI Jian, HE Hong
2018, 8(4): 373-380. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.049
Abstract(552) PDF(1003KB)(485)
Abstract:
The reverse flow technology coupled with non-thermal plasma reaction system was used to investigate its effect on the process of non-thermal plasma reaction. Considering the influencing factors including discharge parameters(e.g. electrical field intensity, frequency) and operating parameters(e.g. cyclic period, grounding pole number, gas velocity), the effects of reverse flow on temperature rise(ΔT) and discharge energy density(SED) of the system were investigated, and the application situation of the technology in removal of VOCs was analyzed. The results showed that the highest ΔT and SED were 187.3 ℃ and 284.4 J/L under the condition of cyclic period 8 min, field intensity 13.1 kV/cm, frequency 150 Hz, grounding pole number 7 and gas velocity 14 cm/s. The ΔT of discharge area was the highest, while that of the outlet was the lowest in the system. The ΔT varied periodically with the cyclic period in the heat storage segment, whose change cycle was consistent with the period of reaction system. The degradation rate of toluene could be improved significantly by applying a flow reversal plasma reaction system, which was beneficial to improvement of the energy efficiency.
Secondary air pollution prevention and case study in organic pollutants contaminated site remediation project
LIU Jingjing, YANG Yong, CHEN Kai
2018, 8(4): 381-389. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.050
Abstract(883) PDF(1410KB)(457)
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of engineering projects for remediation of contaminated sites in China has been increasing rapidly. During implementation of these projects, the issue of secondary air pollution occurring in organic pollutants contaminated sites is attracting more and more concerns. In order to achieve an effective and safe management of contaminated sites remediation projects, the current situations of organic pollutants contaminated sites remediation projects and the characteristics of secondary pollution risk were analyzed. And then taking the contaminated sites remediation project of Beijing Coke & Chemical Factory as an example, on the basis of a detailed analysis of the major construction projects and the secondary air pollution sources of risk in the typical organic pollutants contaminated sites ex-situ remediation project, an all-around system for secondary air pollution prevention was put forward according to the three key factors of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), exhaust and dust. The study can provide references for air environment protection in similar organic pollutants contaminated sites remediation projects of China.
Antibiotics pollution of livestock and poultry breeding in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
LING Wencui, FAN Yumei, FANG Yaoyao, SUN Changhong, LIU Guizhong
2018, 8(4): 390-397. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.051
Abstract(1448) PDF(1616KB)(531)
Abstract:
To explore veterinary antibiotics pollution, the amounts of produced manure and used antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region were estimated. It was illustrated that the manure production amount of livestock and poultry in BTH region was lower in northwest and higher in southeast, which was mainly caused by geographic reason and regional development planning. The antibiotic amounts used in livestock and poultry breeding for BTH region were ranked as: tetracyclines>macrolides>diterpenoids>sulfonamides>β-lactams>aminoglycosides>fluoroquinolones, in which tetracyclines usage amount is much higher than other classes. In addition, the residue levels of antibiotics in manure and farmland in BTH region were summarized through literature reviews. It was found that detection frequency and detection concentration of antibiotics in manure and wastewater were very high, especially for tetracyclines, the concentrations of which were much higher than those of sulfonamides or β-lactams. Many antibiotics have been detected in farmland with manure application in BTH region, and the concentrations were significantly higher than those in the farmland without manure application. Finally, considering the antibiotics pollution of livestock and poultry breeding in BTH region, some advices were proposed, including decreasing antibiotics usage amount, developing compost treatment of manure for antibiotics removal, and promoting layout optimization of livestock and poultry breeding in BTH region.
The equilibrium phase relations and liquidus characteristics of multi-component oxide systems of hazardous waste incineration ash and slag
HU Ming, HU Xun, YANG Lingzhi, SHAO Zheru, CHENG Yi, XU Pengcheng
2018, 8(4): 398-405. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.052
Abstract(625) PDF(1038KB)(409)
Abstract:
Vitrification is considered as a promising technology for Hazardous Waste Incineration Ash and Slag(HWIAS), which can realize the reduction, innocent treatment and resource utilization of HWIAS. The main oxide components of HWIAS are CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, Na2O, FeOx and MgO, and the thermodynamic properties and equilibrium phase relations of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-FeOx-MgO system are essential data for the slag formation in thermal processing of HWIAS. According to the main components of HWIAS, the equilibrium phase relations and liquid phase characteristics of the multicomponent systems were calculated for different temperature and oxygen partial pressures by using the thermodynamic software FactSage. The multicomponent systems include CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O, CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeOx, CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-FeOx and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-FeOx-MgO systems. The results showed that the effects of temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the equilibrium phase relations and liquidus characteristics of the four multicomponent systems mentioned above were remarkable. The liquid zone enlarged with increasing temperature from 1 400 to 1 500 ℃. For the multicomponent systems containing FeOx, the liquid zone increased with the reduction of oxygen partial pressure. In addition, the equilibrium phase relations and liquidus characteristics of different multicomponent systems differ greatly at the same temperature and oxygen partial pressure, so the reasonable technological conditions should be chosen according to the thermodynamic properties of the actual oxide system in HWIAS.
Experimental study on treatment of antibiotic residue by combination of MOD and incineration technology
ZHENG Xiangjun, WANG Wei, CHENG Xingjun, XUE Feng, ZHANG Pingmin, LU Jia
2018, 8(4): 406-412. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.053
Abstract(564) PDF(1018KB)(399)
Abstract:
Under the process conditions of 160-200 ℃ and 2 MPa initial pressure, using moderate oxidation drying (MOD) technology to perform harmless and reduction treatment for the antibiotic residues of Penicillin and Cephalosporin. The results showed that the antibiotics in the treated solid phases and residual liquids were not detected. The water content in the solid phase decreased from 80% to 40% or less and the quantity of antibiotic residue was reduced by 90%, and the calorific value of the antibiotic residue after treatment was 5 174-6 313 kJ/kg, all meeting with the requirements of the average low calorific value of garbage into the incinerator in the Technical Policy for Treatment and Prevention of Municipal Solid Waste. After the MOD treatment, the antibiotic residues were incinerated under 850 ℃. The results showed that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antibiotics residues in the incineration residues were not detected, which indicated that the organic matter and antibiotics in the residue were completely decomposed. There was an enrichment of non-volatile heavy metals in the residue, so follow-up treatment must be strengthened. The concentration of SO2 in the flue gas was relatively low, with an average concentration of less than 12 mg/m 3; the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas was slightly higher, and the subsequent tail gas treatment should be strengthened.
Study on fertilizer utilization potential of antimicrobial residue after moderate oxidation drying treatment
ZHENG Xiangjun, LIU Huiling, XUE Feng, CHENG Xingjun, ZHANG Pingmin, WANG Wei, LU Jia
2018, 8(4): 413-419. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.054
Abstract(730) PDF(940KB)(400)
Abstract:
Moderate oxidation drying(MOD)technology was used to treat cephalosporin and penicillin residue harmlessly, and after treatment the antibiotic residues in the samples were below the detection limit(1 mg/kg). After adjusting and treating the residue fertilizer, the targets of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and the content of heavy metals all met the requirements of Organic Fertilizer Standard(NY 525-2012), and none of seven kinds of typical drug-resistant genes in antibiotic residues was detected. The further fertilization tests showed that the antibiotic residues after MOD treatment were applied to the soil at 1% and 3%, and no antibiotic residue was detected in the soil after 30 days. The treated residues could reduce the accumulation of drug-resistance genes after application to the soil.
Analyses on pollutants removal in municipal wastewater reclamation plant with multistage A/O process
LI Tongtong, LI Yingjun, XU Jianfeng, XI Beidou, LÜ Ningqing, LIU Hui, WANG Jinsheng, ZHANG Lieyu, WANG Lei
2018, 8(4): 420-428. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.055
Abstract(737) PDF(1192KB)(473)
Abstract:
A municipal wastewater treatment plant(MWWTP) in Beijing City based on the traditional A 2/O process was added with multi-stage A/O(MAO) to enhance the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect. The effluent from different units of the MWWTP was studied, and the removal effects of the pollutants in the wastewater especially for dissolved organic matter(DOM) by the enhanced process were analyzed, by analyzing the basic water quality indicators, ultraviolet absorption spectrum and related parameters, and combined with multi-variate statistic analysis. After treatment of the MAO-enhanced process, the average removal rate of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen were 95.14%, 89.70%, 94.53%, 97.26%% and 99.74%, respectively, which met first class A of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standards(GB 18918-2002). With the addition of multi-stage A/O units, the removal rate of DOM was increased. At the same time, the molecular weight of DOM and the degree of agglomeration increased significantly; the stability of the compounds increased. The correlation analysis of water quality index and ultraviolet fluorescence spectrum shows that the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is more obvious when the type of substituent is mainly aliphatic chain in the aromatic ring.
Depassivation of micro current in hexavalent chromium reduction by zero valent iron
WAN Long, MENG Fansheng, YANG Qi, WANG Yeyao
2018, 8(4): 429-434. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.056
Abstract(717) PDF(1201KB)(370)
Abstract:
In order to overcome the low removal efficiency for hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)) due to the passivation when zero valent iron(ZVI) is used as permeable reactive barriers(PRB) reactive media, the micro current depassivation advanced method was proposed by loading low-DC voltage on the reactive media. In the PRB column flow simulation test, the industrial scrap ZVI powder(0.15-0.35 mm) was used as reactive media, the different micro voltage was loaded on ZVI, and thus the Cr(Ⅵ) removal performance and mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the micro current could solve the ZVI passivation to some extent and enhance the utilization efficiency of ZVI. When Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency reached 60%, the effluent volume of the experimental groups with 1 V, 3 V, 7 V loaded on ZVI were 1.42, 1.88, and 2.75 times as many as that of the control group unloaded voltage, respectively. Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency was increased with the increase of voltage loaded on ZVI. The micro current could not affect the precipitation of trivalent chromium significantly, but it can influence the precipitation of ferrous or ferric iron.
Study on phosphorus removal from biogas slurry by red mud
LI Xiaoguang, ZHAO Ying, KANG Dejun, YANG Tianxue, GONG Bin, ZHANG Ying, LIU Jiaomei, JOW Jinder, ZENG Yuping
2018, 8(4): 435-442. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.057
Abstract(546) PDF(932KB)(443)
Abstract:
The red mud(RM), an industrial waste of alumina production, was applied to remove phosphorus from biogas slurry. The XRF, XRD, PSD and SEM tests were employed to assess the physicochemical properties of RM. Some important parameters that affect the phosphorus removal efficiency and final pH of solution(pHf), such as initial pH(pHi), RM dosage, reaction time and phosphate concentration of biogas slurry were explored. The results indicated that the phosphate removal efficiency decreased first, and then increased with the increase of pH. And the highest and the lowest phosphate removal efficiency were 89.6% and 47.2%, under the conditions of pHi 2.1 and 6.9, respectively. The RM dosage and contact time had a positive effect, whereas initial phosphate concentration had a negative effect on phosphate removal and pHf. The effects of individual variables on phosphate removal were determined by using a 3 4 orthogonal experiment design. The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: pHi 10.0, RM dosage 5.0 g/L, initial phosphate concentration 1.7 mg/L, and contact time 40 min.
Effect of dry sludge application on saline-alkali soil property and the growth of plants
ZHOU Jinqian, MA Jianli, ZHANG Liangyun, SHANG Xiaofu, LI Xiaoguang
2018, 8(4): 443-448. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.058
Abstract(597) PDF(710KB)(392)
Abstract:
The effect of the dried sludge on the physicochemical properties and pollution of saline-alkali soil was studied. Based on this, a series of pot experiments were set up to observe the growth of plants in different sludge-to-soil proportions. The results showed that the dried sludge can not only provide effective nutrients for crop growth, but also can significantly improve soil fertility. Although the salt content in the soil increased after the application of sludge, it had less effect on plant growth. When the ratio of sludge to soil was lower than a certain value, the heavy metals in the sludge would not pollute the soil. Therefore, it should be one of the important ways for solving the sludge problem to strictly follow the standards and reasonably control the amount of dried sludge in saline soil.
Screening and primary application of phenols degradation strains in soil
MENG Xianrong, XU Wei, WEI Lan, JIA Chao, JIANG Cun
2018, 8(4): 449-455. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.059
Abstract(648) PDF(857KB)(414)
Abstract:
With the phenols contaminated soil from a site in Suzhou City as the source of bacterium, and the target contaminant as the only carbon source, the phenols degrading bacteria were screened out by the way of continuous culture, separation and purification. By applying the molecular biological techniques of 16S rDNA gene sequencing and gene trees, the bacterium species were determined. The tolerance and degradation capacity of the bacterium were also investigated. The results showed that two strains of bacteria were screened out, one was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain with p-cresol(4-MP) as the only carbon source, and the other was Pseudomonas citronellolis strain with 4-chloro-3-methylphenol(4-C-3-MP) as the only carbon source, which are named bacteria NM and bacteria NCM, respectively. Bacteria NM was well tolerated to 4-MP, which could still propagate when the concentration of 4-MP reached 400 mg/L. However, bacteria of NCM could not tolerate high concentration 4-C-3-MP. When concentration of 4-C-3-MP was higher than 200 mg/L, bacteria NCM was completely suppressed. Bacteria NM cannot degrade phenol in soil, but has high removal efficiency on 4-MP and 4-C-3-MP, and after 20 days, the removal efficiency of 4-MP and 4-C-3-MP were about 43% and 22% respectively. Bacteria NCM can well degrade the three phenols. The removal efficiency of phenol, 4-MP and 4-C-3-MP by bacteria NCM were 20%, 26% and 28% at the 20 th day, with an increase by 18, 3 and 6 percentage points respectively compared with that at the 15th day.
Comparison on screening and sorting methods of environmental priority pollutants at home and abroad
WANG Yizhe, ZHANG Yahui, ZHAO Ying, YU Ruozhen
2018, 8(4): 456-464. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.04.060
Abstract(1307) PDF(1076KB)(574)
Abstract:
The formulation of the list of priority pollutants at home and abroad was systematically introduced, including foreign countries and international organizations, such as United States, European Union, Netherlands, Canada, Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Japan, South Korea and others, and different areas/basins of China. The screening principle and technical methods were analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the screening and sorting methods were analyzed. Through the comparison of the main screening and sorting methods at home and abroad, it was found that there were some problems in the screening and sorting of environmental priority pollutants in China, such as single environmental medium, large subjective influence, lack of local models and parameters, imperfect routine monitoring items, and lack of continuous monitoring of dynamic changes of the pollutants. According to these problems, some pertinent suggestions were given, including strengthening the collection of basic data, fully considering different environmental media, establishing and developing local technical methods and model parameters, and updating the list of pollutants dynamically.
2018, 8(4): 465-Ⅲ.
Abstract(315) PDF(498KB)(145)
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2018, 8(4): 468-Ⅳ.
Abstract(183) PDF(197KB)(114)
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