生物滞留设施净化城市面源污染研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.015

Abstract

Abstract:

Bioretention is one of the effective measures to control urban non-point source pollutions. A synthetic analysis of its structure, hydrologic effects, purification mechanisms and influence factors was presented. Bioretention can mitigate the stormwater and peak flow volume. It can effectively reduce the concentration of total suspended solids, particulate matter, heavy metals, organic pollutants and pathogens in stormwater runoff, but the removal of nitrate nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus is not stable. Bioretention facilities remove pollutants mainly through precipitation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, plant absorption and biodegradation. The removal of pollutants and reduction of stormwater volume are influenced by plant species, filler composition, depth, hydraulic conductivity and carbon addition. A long drying period will increase the nitrate concentration and setting internal water storage can reduce nitrate concentration. The structural design, operation and maintenance need to be further studied and optimized.

Key words: urban non-point source, bioretention facility, hydrologic effect, influence factor

CLC Number:

X703.1

Dengling JIANG, Danrong ZHANG, Liansheng HE .et al . Advance of research on urban non-point source pollution control by bioretention facilities[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2019, 9(1): 96-102.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Table 2

Plants selection in typical provinces∕cities of south and north China"

省(市)	乔木	灌木	草本
天津	日本黑松、龙柏、绒毛白蜡、构树、桑树、栾树、杜仲、刺槐、国槐、皂荚、丝棉木、垂柳、旱柳、馒头柳、毛白杨、榆树、黄栌、火炬树、青桐、杜梨	紫穗槐、醉鱼草、蒙古莸、红端木、大叶黄杨、胶东卫矛、木槿、雪柳、紫丁香、金叶女贞、迎春、海棠果、八棱海棠、东北珍珠梅、月季、黄刺玫、紫叶李、石榴、接骨木、锦带花、柽柳	千屈菜、花菖蒲、黄菖蒲、鸢尾、芦苇、芦竹、细叶芒
浙江	湿地松、墨西哥落羽杉、东方杉、乌桕、垂柳、水杉、池杉、黄山栾树、南川柳、旱柳、蒲葵、榕树	花叶杞柳、雪柳、南天竹、厚叶石斑木、海滨木槿、紫穗槐、柽柳、五色梅、木芙蓉	花叶芦竹、香菇草、千屈菜、旱伞草、花菖蒲、黄菖蒲、常绿水生鸢尾、细叶芒、菖蒲、矮蒲苇
海南	红花羊蹄甲、铁刀木、红千层、串钱柳、龙牙花、火焰木、重阳木、乌桕、黄梨木、黄金榕、海南木莲、黄金香柳、水翁、水蒲桃、水石榕、番石榴、白千层、盆架子、榕树类、水杉、落羽杉、池杉、垂叶榕、小叶榕、大王椰子、酒瓶椰、散尾葵、蒲葵、树菠萝、海芒果、海滨猫尾木、水黄皮、黄槿、长柄银叶树、银叶树、湿地松、木姜子	木芙蓉、鸭脚木、龙牙花、车轮梅、露兜树、红刺露兜、金边露兜、阔苞菊、草海桐、莲叶桐、南天竹	红龙草、花叶良姜、百日草、孔雀草、松叶蕨、海南卷柏、翠云草、木贼、节节草、水蕨、满江红、合果芋类、李氏禾、香根草、芦竹、花叶芦竹、旱伞草、千屈菜、路易斯安娜鸢尾、红莲子草、三白草、灯心草、文殊兰、红花文殊兰、红蓼、蛇莓、翠芦莉、海芋、萱草、蜘蛛兰、蟛蜞菊

Table 2

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结构		描述
蓄水层		对雨水径流进行调蓄和预处理
覆盖层		防止雨水侵蚀,避免设施中水土的流失
换土层	种植土层	植物根部生长区,选用渗透系数较大的砂土,其主要成分一般为60%~85%的砂子,5%~10%的有机成分,黏土含量不超过5%,其厚度根据植被类型而定^[4]
换土层	填料层	过滤和吸附雨水径流污染物,多采用渗透性较好的砂土,其厚度根据当地降水特性、生物滞留设施服务面积等因素综合确定
透水土工布或砂层		防止换土层介质流失
砾石层		排水作用,砾石应洗净且粒径不小于穿孔管的开孔孔径
溢流设施		可采用溢流竖管、盖篦溢流井或雨水口等,溢流设施顶一般应低于汇水面100 mm

Advance of research on urban non-point source pollution control by bioretention facilities

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